ABSTRACTS: July 1982
Journal Archive
ABSTRACTS: July 1982
of current literature on the platinum metals and their alloys
PROPERTIES
XPS and UPS Study of the Reaction of Carbon Monoxide with Oxygen and Nitrogen Monoxide on Platinum-Rhenium Alloy
m. alnot, a. cassuto, r. ducros, j. j. ehrhardt and b. weber, Surf. Sci., 1982, 114, (2/3), L48–L56
Room temperature interactions between CO with O2 and NO were studied on a 40%Pt−60%Re alloy by XPS and UPS. There was a total removal of adsorbed CO by gaseous O2 (which is not possible on Pt and difficult on Re); partial removal of adsorbed O2 by CO from the gas phase (impossible on Re); and total removal of adsorbed CO gas, NO and total reversibility of this reaction (impossible on both Pt and Re).
The Interaction of CO and O2 with Thin Islands of Pd
h. poppa and f. soria, Surf. Sci., 1982, 115, (2), L105–L110
The adsorption and co-adsorption of CO and O2 on Pd islands ∼7 monolayers thick was investigated by TPD and AES. CO decomposed much less on Pd islands grown on W(110)−c(14 × 7)−0 than on small Pd particles on bulk oxide substrates (mica, sapphire). O2 interacted unusually strongly with the island surfaces at 600K. These results are attributed to a strong metal-support interaction.
Glass-Forming Ability and Crystallization Kinetics of Amorphous Palladium-Boron Alloys
a. lucci and l. battezzati, Thermochim. Acta, 1982, 54, (3), 343–348
Pd-B alloys were prepared to check their ability to produce metallic glasses when spun from the melt. The alloys were able to produce amorphous ribbons by melt spinning. The crystallisation kinetics of Pd68.5B31.5 metallic glass were found to follow the Avrami rate equation over a wide range of transformed fractions (5−95%); and the Avrami coefficient indicated that the crystals grow in a spherulite form.
Low Temperature Alloying in the Pd/Au System
h. d. shih, e. bauer and h. poppa, Thin Solid Films, 1982, 88, (2), L21–L24
AES studies of low temperature alloying in the Pd-Au system were made on one to two monolayers of Pd deposited onto Au(III) at room temperature. The results showed that the surface alloying between Pd and Au occurs at room temperature, while massive alloying takes place by 530K.
Are VPd3 and NbPd3 Itinerant Ferromagnets
w. l. burmester and d. j. sellmyer, J. Appl. Phys., 1982, 53, (3), 2024–2026
Low-field magnetic susceptibility and high field magnetisation results are reported for polycrystalline samples of NbPd3, VPd3 and Fe doped VPd3. Recent self-consistent, spin-polarised band calculations have predicted that the pure compounds are itinerant ferromagnets. The Fe-doped alloys exhibit a low temperature transition to a magnetic cluster-glass state.
Temperature Dependence of the Sensitivities of Metal-TiO2 Junctions to Various Reducing Gases
n. yamamoto, s. tonomura and h. tsubomura, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1982, 129, (2), 444–446
The current through a Pd-TiO2 diode is sensitive to H2 at room temperature and becomes sensitive to other reducing gases and vapours such as CO, C2H5OH and propylene at high temperatures. Experiments were performed with TiO2 and Pt, Au, Al, Ni, Cu, Mg and Zn. Pt-TiO2 and Au-TiO2 diodes are also sensitive to H2, the sensitivity being in the order Pd>Pt>Au. The diode sensitivity depends on the catalytic properties of the metal to the reduction between O2 adsorbed on the metal surface and reducing gases, resulting in a lowered potential barrier height at the interface.
Crystal Structure, Superconducting and Magnetic Properties of New Ternary Silicides LaRhSi, LaIrSi and NdIrSi
b. chevalier, p. lejay, a. cole, m. vlasse and j. e. tourneau, Solid State Commun., 1982, 41, (11), 801–804
New ternary silicides LaRhSi, LaIrSi and NdIrSi were synthesised by arc melting, and their powder patterns were indexed. LaRhSi and LaIrSi have a superconducting transition at 4.35K and 2.3K, respectively. NdIrSi has spontaneous magnetisation below Tc=10K.
Low Temperature Specific Heats of H(NbIrO) and R(NbPtO)
b. cort, a. l. giorgi and g. r. stewart, J. Low Temp. Phys., 1982, 4, (1/2), 179–185
The specific heats of hexagonal structures H(NbIrO) and R(NbPtO) were measured from 1.2 to 15K. The R-phase compound was superconducting with Tc=3.8K. The reduction in Tc from 10.1 to 3.8K between the two phases is accounted for by corresponding reductions in the density of states and Debye temperature using the BCS theory.
Chemical Vapour Transport of Transition Metal Oxides (I) Crystal Growth of RuO2, IrO2 and Rul−xO2
c. a. georg, p. triggs and f. lÉvy, Mater. Res. Bull., 1982, 17, (1), 105–110
Single crystals of RuO2, IrO2 and the mixtures RuO2:IrO2 have been prepared from the vapour phase. This is the first time it has been possible to grow single crystals of different concentrations of RuO2:IrO2.
The Interation of Coadsorbed Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide on Ru(001)
d. e. peebles, j. a. schreifels and j. m. white, Surf. Sci., 1982, 116, (1), 117–134
The co-adsorption of H2 and D2 with CO on Ru(001) at 100K was studied by various techniques. Pre-adsorbed CO strongly blocks H2 adsorption. Pre-adsorbed H2 blocks CO adsorption, but less strongly. The desorption of pre-dosed H2 from a co-adsorbed layer shows strong long-range CO-H repulsive interactions. The CO sticking coefficient decreases in proportion to the amount of uncovered Ru sites.
Phase Transformations in Rapidly Quenched Aluminium-Ruthenium Alloys
z. a. chaudhury, g. v. s. sastry and c. suryanarayana, Z. Metallkd., 1982, 73, (4), 201–206
Rapid quenching of two Al-Ru melts containing 10 and 15wt.% Ru formed supersaturated solid solutions. Subsequent annealing above room temperature indicated a metastable Al2Ru phase with a cubic CaF2-type structure, and an equilibrium Al6Ru phase.
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
Cobalt, Rhodium and Iridium: Annual Survey Covering the Year 1979; Cobalt, Rhodium and Iridium: Annual Survey Covering the Year 1980
r. d. w. kemmitt and d. r. russell; t. j. mague, J. Organomet. Chem., 1982, 230, 1–98; 99–260
Two annual surveys covering metal C σ -bonded compounds, carbene, isocyanide and carbonyl complexes; homonuclear carbonyl compounds, heteronuclear metal-metal bonded carbonyl compounds metal (I), (II) and (III) compounds, nitrosyl, aryldiazo compounds, metal alkene, alkyne, allyl, cyclo- and other compounds are presented. (421 Refs.; 551 Refs.)
Structure and Chemistry of Some Carbonyl Cluster Compounds of Osmium and Ruthenium
j. lewis and b. f. g. johnson, Pure Appl. Chem., 1982, 54, (1), 97–112
A review of the cluster compounds of Ru and Os with particular reference to the alternative ways of the bond breaking process. A survey of carbido derivatives and Au-Os complexes is presented. (31 Refs.)
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Structural Effects in Electrocatalysis
r. r. adŽiĆ, a. v. tripkoviĆ and w. e. o’grady, Nature (London), 1982, 296, (5853), 137–138
The oxidation kinetics of HCOOH, CH3OH and CH2O on single crystal Pt electrodes with (100), (110) and (111) orientiations are reported. Pronounced dependence of the kinetics of these reactions on the crystallographic orientation of the surface was observed. The intermediate completely blocks the Pt(100) surface; the smallest adsorption was at the (111) plane. On activation, the (100) surface had the highest activity. The results suggest that electrocatalytic reactions exhibit structural sensitivity.
Electroreduction of Oxygen on Reduced Platinum in 85% Phosphoric Acid
w. e. o’grady, e. j. taylor and s. srinivasan, J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem., 1982, 132, 137–150
Oxygen reduction in highly purified 85% H3PO4 was studied on reduced Pt by rotating ring-disc techniques. The data suggest that the O2 reduction proceeds by the parallel mechanisms of direct four-electron transfer to H2O and through the multistep mechanism involving peroxide intermediate. A value of 7.6 × 10−7cm2/s was determined for the diffusion coefficient in 85% H3PO4 at 25°C.
The Study of Electrode Processes of Sulphur Dioxide on Platinized Electrode by the Radiochemical Method
m. szki.arczyk, a. czerwinski and t. sobkowski, J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem., 1982, 132, 263–271
The adsorption of SO2 and the electrode reactions of adsorbed molecules at a platinised Pt electrode were studied by potentiodynamic and radiometric techniques. The surface concentration of adsorbed species as well as the charges of their reduction and oxidation were determined. Sulphur adatoms and Pt sulphides as products of SO2 adsorption in “double-layer” and H2 regions of potentials are proposed.
The Development of an Energy-Efficient Insoluble Anode for Nickel Electrowinning. I. Single Layer Precious Metal Coatings. II. Multilayer Precious Metal Coatings
a. j. scarpellino and g. l. fisher, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1982, 129, (3), 515–521, 522–525
Precious metal-coated Ti insoluble anodes with increased energy efficiency over conventional Pb electrowinning anodes were developed. Precious metal microlayers extended the life of the Ru-4% Ir coating and made it economical to use at electrowinning temperatures up to 70°C. Several of the multilayererd precious metal Ti coatings could operate efficiently as anodes for Ni electrowinning for at least 20,000 h at operating current densities.
Electrocatalytic Activation of Ruthenium Electrode for the Cl2 and O2 Evolution Reactions by Anodic/Cathodic Cycling
m. vukoviĆ, h. angerstein-kozlowska and b. e. conway, J. Appl. Electrochem., 1982, 12, (2), 193–204
The kinetics of Cl2 and O2 evolution on two types of oxidised Ru electrode surfaces subjected to an anodic/cathodic cycling regime from 0.06 to 1.4VEH were studied by a steady-state polarisation technique. Current densities for Cl2 evolution at the cycled Ru surface oxide are ∼30 times greater than those at the original Ru surface. O2 evolution current densities are increased by ∼8 times.
Kinetics of Secondary Processes on Ruthenium-Titanium Anodes in Chloride Solutions
m. m. pecherskii, v. v. gorodetskii, n. ia. bune and v. v. losev,Electrokhimiya, 1982, 18, (3), 415–422
The effect of current density and acidity of the solution on corrosion and electrochemical behaviour was studied on treated Ru-Ti anodes prepared by electrodeposition of Ru on Ti in 5M NaCl at 80°C. After thermal and anodic treatment, the secondary processes of Ru dissolving and evolution of O2 were observed in the surface layer of the electrode without any changes in Cl2 evolution.
Reactivities of Ruthenium Cluster Anions: Implications for Catalysis of the Water-Gas Shift Reaction
j. c. bricker, c. c. nagel and s. g. shore, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, (5), 1444–1445
[HRu3(CO)11]− was used in catalysis in the water-gas shift reaction and its functions were observed. The anion functioned as an apparent hydride donor in the presence of CO at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Three reactions were observed with CO, [Ph3C][BF4] and CO, and with H2O and CO. All suggest hydridic behaviour for the anion. A new mechanism for the water-gas shift reaction is proposed, whereby [HRu3(CO)11]−-Ru3(CO)12 plays the major role for the reaction in basic media, irrespective of whether the reaction is initiated by tetranuclear or trinuclear Ru carbonylates.
PHOTOCONVERSION
Photochemical Diode Model of Pt/TiO2 Particle and Its Photocatalytic Activity
t. sakata, t. kawai and k. hashimoto, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1982, 88, (1), 50–54
The photocatalytic properties of a powdered semiconductor loaded with Pt catalyst are discussed using a photochemical diode model. The rate of H2 evolution depends on particle size and correlates with the irreversibility of the oxidation of the reactants. Only a small amount of Pt, smaller than 1/100 monolayer on TiO2 is required to produce a remarkable effect on photocatalytic activity.
Photoelectrochemical Behaviour of Ruthenium Disulphide Electrodes in Contact with Aqueous Electrolytes
r. heindl, r. parsons, a. m. redon, h. tributsch and j. vigneron, Surf. Sci., 1982, 115, (1), 91–103
The photoreaction of a RuS2 electrode with water for catalytic O2 evolution was studied as a function of photon energy, electrolyte pH and electrochemical history of the electrode.
Mechanism of the Uncatalyzed Formation of Dihydrogen in the Radiolytically Induced Reduction of Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)rhodium(III) Ion in Aqueous Solution
q. g. mulazzani, m. venturi and m. z. hoffman, J. Phys. Chem., 1982, 86, (2), 242–247
The reaction of 
In Vitro Analogues of Photosystem. II. Combined Flash Photolytic and Conductometric Study of Light-Induced Oxygen Evolution from Water Mediated by Colloidal RuO2/TiO2
r. humphry-baker, j. lilie and m. grÄtzel, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, (2), 422–425
Colloidal TiO2 particles when charged with ultrafine RuO2 deposits are extremely active catalysts for water oxidation. A photochemical model system of aqueous 
Visible Light Induced Generation of Hydrogen from H2S in CdS-Dispersions, Hole Transfer Catalysis by RuO2
e. borgarello, k. kalyanasundaram, m. grÄtzel and e. pelizzett, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1982, 65, (1), 243–248
Studies of illumination of CdS dispersions by visible light in solutions containing H2S or sulphide ions leading to efficient generation of H2 and S showed that very small quantities of RuO2 deposited on the CdS particles greatly improve the quantum yield of H2 formation, for which the optimum value obtained so far is ϕ = 0.35 ± 0.1. The effect of RuO2 is attributed to catalysis of hole transfer from the valence band of CdS to H2S or sulphide in solution.
ELECTRODEPOSITION AND SURFACE COATINGS
Electrodeposition of Precious Metals 1966–January, 1982 (Citations from the Metals Abstracts Data Base)
National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. Jan. 1982, PB82–860289, Materials Science, NTIS, March 30, 1982, p. 131
A bibliography on electrodeposition of precious metals is discussed including both pure metals and alloys. Plating conditions and substrate materials for Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru are discussed. Emphasis is placed on fused salt electrolytes. The properties of the plated surface are discussed. (176 Refs.)
FUEL CELLS
Design of a Cell for Electrode Kinetic Investigations of Fuel Cell Reactions
h. olender, j. mcbreen, w. e. o’grady, s. srinivasan and k. v. kordesch, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1982, 129, (1), 135–137
Two designs of cell for investigating the electrode kinetics of fuel cell reactions in acid media are described. The cells, simulating a phosphoric acid fuel cell at elevated temperature and pressure are used to evaluate Pt/C electrodes.
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS
Bifunctional Oxidation of Ammonia with Metal Oxide-Pt/Al2O3 Mechanical Mixtures
y. kosaki, a. miyamoto and y. murakami, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1982, 55, (1), 63–68
Selectivity to N2 in the reaction of NH3 with metal oxides was greatly increased by the addition of Pt/Al2O3 to the metal oxides. In the oxidation of NH3 with metal oxide-Pt/Al2O3 mixtures, NH3 was at first oxidised by metal oxides to form NOx and N2 and then the NOx components were transferred through the gas phase from the metal oxides to Pt particles on Al2O3. Finally, the NOx components reacted with NH3 on Pt particles to form N2 selectively.
Effect of Sulfur Poisoning on the Hydrogenolysis Activity of Pt in Pt-Al2O3 Catalysts
p. g. menon, g. b. marin and g. f. froment, Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Dev., 1982, 21, (1), 52–56
The S poisoning of Pt/Al2O3 catalysts was studied during the hydrogenolysis of n -pentane by the gas chromatographic pulse titration technique at 300−380°C. The hydrogenolysis activity was reduced to zero only when the atomic ratio of S per exposed Pt atom, S/Pt8≃1. The suppression of hydrogenolysis and increase in isomerisation and aromatisation can be achieved only by reversibly adsorbed S on the Pt above that held irreversibly.
Self-Sustained Oscillations during CO Oxidation on a Pt/γ -Al2O3 Catalyst
p. c. liao and e. e. wolf, Chem. Eng. Commun., 1982, 13, (4–6), 315–326
A study of the reaction environment and catalyst surface effects on self-sustained oscillations during CO oxidation on Pt/γ -Al2O3 catalysts is presented. The oscillations occurred in a narrow temperature range and low O2:CO ratios. Oscillation pattern depended upon catalyst pretreatment; amplitude and frequency varied with surface pretreatment, and decreased as temperature and O2:CO ratio increased. There was an overshoot of CO2 outlet concentration in excess to the 100% conversion, which indicated the participation of surface stored CO.
Selective Steam Reforming of Aromatic Hydrocarbons.III. Interaction of CO and Toluene in Steam and Hydrodealkylation over RhPt Bimetallic Catalysts
d. duprez, r. maurel, a. miloudi and p. pereira, Nouv. J. Chim., 1982, 6, (3), 163–169
Well dispersed RhPt/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared and characterised, and their activities in benzene hydrogenation, steam dealkylation (SDA) and hydrodealkylation (HDA) were studied. The surface compositions were richer in Rh at each composition. During steam dealkylation an inhibiting effect of CO on Rh is ascribed. Hydrodealkylation, a side-reaction in SDA, is more sensitive to CO than the main reaction. This is related to the metallic specificity of the HDA. A reaction scheme is proposed. (33 Refs.)
Methanation Studies over Well-Characterized Silica-Supported Pt-Ru Bimetallic Clusters
h. miura and r. d. gonzalez, J. Catal., 1982, 74, (2), 216–224
A methanation study over a well-characterised series of SiO2 supported Pt-Ru bimetallic clusters was performed. Turnover numbers and activation energies for CH4 formation were determined for Pt-Ru bimetallic cluster catalysts with the following Pt surface composition: 17.9, 50, 73 and 99%. The results suggest that Ru ensembles are necessary to catalyse the methanation reaction as Pt-Ru dual sites show a catalytic behaviour characteristic of Pt. A temperature programmed pulse technique was used to study C formation by pulsing CO over each catalyst as the temperature was increased, in He.
Carbon Monoxide Oxidation on Copper Chromite and Platinum-Copper Chromite Catalysts
g. k. chitnis, Ph.d. Thesis, University of Notre Dame, 1982, Diss. Abstr. Int. B, 1982, 42, (7), 2918
CO oxidation was investigated on a Pt-CuO.Cr2O3 bimodal catalyst. The most active catalysts resulted after a reduction which led to the formation of Cu crystallites (200−350Å) supported on amorphous Cr2O3. The catalyst activity was found to be a combination of Pt and CuO.Cr2O3 functionality.
Hydrogenated Amination of Aldehydes by Nitrobenzene in the Presence of Complexes of Platinum Group Metals with Chloroanylic Acid
m. v. klyuev, s. i. kondrat’ev and m. l. khidekel, Kinet. Katal., 1982, 23, (1), 71–76
Complexes of platinum group metals with chloroanylic acid fixed on supports catalyse hydrogenated amination of nitrobenzene. The catalytic activity of the complexes increased in the order: Pt>Pd>Rh>Ir.
Colloidal Platinum and Palladium Catalysts in the Hydrogenation of Alkyne under Hydrogen Pressure
d. v. sokol’skii and a. ualikhanova, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 1982, 52, (1), 186–190
Studies of the catalytic properties of colloidal Pt and Pd made during hydrogenation of isomeric hexyne under H2 pressure, showed that specific activity and general selectivity on Pd particles was higher than that on Pt. The C ≡ C bond migrates on Pd into C2-C3 and C3-C4 positions. Both on Pt and Pd cis-trans isomerisation occurs. Catalysts were stable during saturation of the triple bond of the hexyne. The gradual decrease in activity was observed during hydrogenation of the olefin reaction.
Preparation of Permanent Pd-Catalysts for Petrochemistry
s. yamaguchi, Mater. Chem., 1982, 7, (1), 137–142
An aqueous suspension containing α- and γ -Al2O3 served as an abrasive for rubbing Pd plate and Si ingots. The rubbing sludge obtained with Pd and Si particles in even dispersion was an active and durable contact catalyst for the low temperature oxidation of hydrocarbons. Aluminosilicate formed and solidified.
Effect of Titania on Activity of Alumina Supported Palladium Catalyst during Hydrogenation of Benzene
l. s. kravchuk, e. a. makarova, i. a. yursha, t. i. larionova, n. i. ivashchenko and s. v. markevich, Neftekhimiya, 1982, 22, (1), 42–45
The effect of TiO2 addition on the activity of a 0.3%Pd/γ -Al2O3 catalyst was studied during benzene hydrogenation. Samples reduced in H2 at atmospheric pressure retained their activity after calcination at 600−800°C. The increase of H2 pressure to 1.5MPa decreases activity of the catalyst.
Spectrophotometric Study of Alumina Supported Palladium Catalysts
l. s. kravchuk and s. v. valieva, Vest. Akad. Nauk BSSR, Ser. Khim. Nauk, 1982, (2), 50–54
The solubility of oxidised Pd catalysts supported on γ -Al2O3 containing 0.1−1.0wt.% Pd was studied in dilute HCl by u.v. spectroscopy. A decrease in Pd solubility was observed in samples containing ≥0.5wt.% Pd. This was due to the substantial aggregation occurring during PdO phase formation.
Methane and Methanol Synthesis over Supported Palladium Catalysts
f. fajula, r. g. anthony and j. h. lunsford, J. Catal., 1982, 73, (2), 237–256
Hydrogenation of CO over Pd supported on three different SiO2 and on HY and NaY zeolites was studied at 260−340°C and 5 and 50 atm pressure. The selectivity and activity of the catalysts are strongly dependent on the nature of the support and on the state of the metal on its surface. Methanol is produced on the catalysts with small size crystallites on which CO is weakly adsorbed, whereas the formation of methane is directly related to the density of acidic sites at the surface of the support. Pd undergoes structural and electronic modifications due to transformation into hydride phases.
Selective Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide on Supported Rh Catalysts Prereduced in Situ with H2O and CO or H2
y. iwasawa, t. hayasaka and s. ogasawara, Chem. Lett., 1982, (1), 131–134
CO was selectively converted to ethylene and propylene (>80% of C1-C6 hydrocarbons produced) at 433–447K over Rh/SiO2 catalysts prereduced in situ with a CO-H2O mixture; while other Rh catalysts, obtained by pretreatment in situ with a H2-H2O mixture yielded ethanol and acetaldehyde at a higher selectivity, by a factor of about 100 at 453K, than a usual Rh(o) catalyst reduced by H2.
Magnetic Resonance Studies on Catalytic Adsorption on Rhodium on Titanium Dioxide
t. m. apple, Ph.d. Thesis, University of Delaware, 1981, Diss. Abstr. Int. B, 1982, 42, (7), 2846
The adsorption of H2 and CO on Rh/TiO2 was studied by NMR. The spectra of the surface species formed upon H adsorption revealed the presence of four types of H, three of which are irreversibly bound, and one is reversibly bound and formed by spillover from the Rh metal. Upon co-adsorption of CO this spillover H is not formed. There is an interaction between adsorbed CO and adsorbed H at room temperature.
Support Effects on the Catalytic Activity and Selectivity of Ruthenium on CO and N2 Activation
a. bossi, f. garbassi and g. petrini, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I, 1982, 78, (4), 1029–1038
CO and N2 isotopic equilibration reactions were studied on Ru catalysts supported on Al2O3, SiO2 and MgO. The reactivity in CO equilibration was found to follow the order: Al2O3 > MgO > SiO2. Ru/MgO catalysts heated in vacuum at 673K and then reduced showed the highest activity. The Fischer-Tropsch reaction carried out on samples supported on Al2O3 or MgO at ∼50 atm and 530K produced a great amount of oxygenated components.
Structure and Physico-Chemical Properties of Skeletal Ruthenium Catalysts
g. a. kil’dibekova, a. b. fasman, a. i. liashenko and v. n. ermolaev, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 1982, 55, (1), 72–76.
Studies of the structure and physico-chemical properties of Ru catalysts made from Ru-Fe, Ru-Co and Ru-Ni alloys containing 1wt.% Ru showed that the products of their electrochemical disintegration were finely dispersed amorphic powders. Ru-Ni slurry contained metallic Ru and Ni oxides, Ru-Co-Ru, Co2RuO4 and α -Co. Selectivity of the catalysts during hydrogenation of industrial acetylene was first order.
Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexene on a Ruthenium Catalyst. Physical and Chemical Characterisation of the Catalyst and Its Precursors
c. u. i. obenbrand and s. l. t. andersson, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 1982, 32, (2), 365–375
The chemical and physical characteristics of a Ru catalyst, consisting of metallic Ru obtained by H2 reduction of the precursor suspended in the alkaline aqueous phase, were studied during the hydrogenation of benzene. The precursor consists of hydrous oxides of Ru with a surface area of 27m2/g. After reduction the surface area increases to 112m2/g and the average pore diameter decreases from 28 to 13 nm and the number of pores <8nm increases substantially. The macroscopic particle size (25–40 μ m) decreases along with decreasing Ru concentration.
Homologation of Methanol by Cobalt-Ruthenium Mixed Catalysts
k. kudo and n. sugita, Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1982, (3), 462–471
The homologation of methanol to ethanol was performed by a Ru-Co catalyst containing iodide promoters using (H2-CO) gas under pressure. Reaction variables were examined; yield and selectivity of ethanol depend significantly on the Ru:Co ratio and the H2:CO ratio. Yield increased with the charge ratio RuCl3.nH2O:Co2(CO)8, reached a maximum, then decreased at larger ratios. The optimum Ru:Co ratio was 0.2−0.4.
An Infrared Study of Supported Ruthenium Catalysts Prepared from Ru3(CO)12
t. kimura, t. okuhara, m. misono and y. yoneda, Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1982, (2), 162–169
The structure and decomposition of Ru3(CO)12 dispersed on SiO2, ZnO, γ -Al2O3 and MgO was examined by i.r. spectroscopy. With γ -Al2O3 Ru3(CO)12 strongly interacted, forming a very stable species. Thermal decomposition of Ru3(CO)12/γ -Al2O3, followed by H2 reduction at 450°C formed Ru catalysts with high dispersion. CO was adsorbed in linear- and twin-types on Ru/Al2O3.
Effect of Preparation Procedure on the Properties of Ruthenium Black
g. z. zakumbaeva, b. k. karakeev, l. b. shapovalova and kh. g. omashev, Kinet. Katal., 1982, 23, (2), 474–480
Studies of the effect of preparation procedure for Ru black on the adsorption of H2O in liquid and gaseous phases showed that dispersion of the catalyst depends on the nature of complex salts used during its preparation, on H2 pressure, temperature and time of reduction. Temperature of H2O adsorption on Ru-black was measured.
HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS
Rh(I) Complexes Containing Fully Alkylated Mono- and Diphosphine Ligands as Highly Active Hydrogenation Catalysts for Carbonyl Compounds
k. tani, k. suwa, e. tanigawa, t. yoshida, t. okano and s. otsuka, Chem. Lett., 1982, (3), 261–264
Cationic Rh(I) complexes with fully alkylated diphosphine ligands [Rh{(i-Pr)2P(CH2)nP(i-Pr)2} (NBD)]ClO4 (n = 3, 4) have been produced. These have been found to be versatile and efficient catalysts for the hydrogenation of a variety of carbonyl compounds, including aldehydes.
Catalytic Hydrogenation of 3,4-Epoxybut-l-ene with Cationic Rhodium Complexes
h. fujitsu, e. matsumura, s. shirahama, k. takeshita and i. mochida, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. I, 1982, (3), 855–859
Catalytic hydrogenation of 3,4-epoxybut-1-ene with cationic Rh complexes was studied under 1atm of H2 at 30°C. The catalytic activity of the epoxide depended on the nature of the P ligands of the catalyst. The order of activity of the ligands for the formation of alcohols was different from that observed for hydrogenation of 1,2-epoxy-1-phenylethane. It is noted that the diphos- and PPh3-catalysts which showed quite limited activity for both the carbonyl compound and 1,2-epoxy-1-phenylethane, exhibited considerable activity for the title compound.
Oxidation of Unsaturated and Hydroxy Fatty Acids by Ruthenium Tetroxide and Ruthenium Oxyanions
y. nakano and t. a. foglia, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 1982, 59, (4), 163–166
The reactions of RuO4, 
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
A Comparison of the Performance of Gold and Platinum Killed Power Diodes
s. d. brotherton and p. bradley, Solid-State Electron., 1982, 25, (2), 119–125
Measurement of leakage current, switching time and forward voltage drop are presented for Pt and Au killed diodes. Under specified conditions improved switching is obtained from Pt killed devices due to the life time profile produced at elevated temperatures by the shallow recombination centre.
Auger Electron Spectroscopy Analysis of the Contact Reaction of Pt-Si Codeposited Films and Silicon
m. eizenberg and r. brener, Thin Solid Films, 1982, 88, (1), 41–48
Codeposited alloy films of Pt-Si on Si, used for the formation of shallow Schottky contacts, were studied by AES. The coat depth after annealing was larger than expected. An accumulation of Si and depletion of Pt in the outer 200−300Å of the film was also observed. Studies of the line shape for Auger transitions showed that the outer Si-rich region consists of a mixture of PtSi and elemental Si.
MEDICAL USES
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Studies on Platinum Thymine Blue
j. d. woollins and b. rosenberg, Inorg. Chem., 1982, 21, (3), 1280–1282
Platinum thymine blue, PTB which has antitumour properties was examined by high-performance liquid chromatography. This revealed that typical preparations of PTB contain several colourless Pt compounds (“whites”) as well as a number of blue species. This is the first time that the various blue components in PTB have been separated.
Osmium-Carbohydrate Polymers as Anti-Arthritic Drugs
c. c. hinckley, j. n. bemiller, l. e. strack and l. d. russell, Book of Abstracts, 183rd Am. Chem. Soc. Natl. Meeting, Las Vegas, Na., 1982, Inorganic Paper 68
Osmium-carbohydrate polymers (osmarins) have been prepared and characterised, and are now being investigated as potential anti-inflammatory agents for some forms of arthritis. When dilute osmarin solutions are injected into the synovial space of a joint they bind irreversibly to articular cartilage and to the joint capsule.
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