NEW PATENTS: July 1967
Journal Archive
NEW PATENTS: July 1967
Metals and Alloys
Grain-refined Uranium-Aluminium Alloys
u.k. atomic energy authority
U.S. Patent 3,285,737
Suitable grain refining agents, for alloys of U with 100–1,500 p.p.m. Al, include Rh, Ir, Os, Ru, Pt, etc.
Tungsten-Ruthenium Alloy
p. r. mallory & co. inc. U.S. Patent 3,301,641
An easily worked ductile alloy contains 90% W, 6% Ni, 2% Mo, 1.5% Fe and 0.5% Ru. It may be produced by powder metallurgy.
Spinnerette Alloy
johnson, matthey & co. ltd.
Belgian Patent 684,532 Dutch Appl. 66.10,352
Spinnerettes with uniform alloy structure, resistance to corrosion and small grain size consist of 50−80% Au−0.04−0.5% Ir-Pt, preferably 70% Au−29.8% Pt−0.2% Ir, which is made by induction-melting the constituents, followed by homogenisation by heat treatment.
Platinum-clad Refractory Metal
johnson, matthey & co. ltd.
Belgian Patent 686,000
Pt group metal is bonded to a refractory metal by using an intermediate barrier layer composed of a mixture of a refractory ceramic material and a metal which is insoluble in one of the metals to be joined but is soluble in the other. In particular, Pt layer on Mo is bonded using Au combined with Al2O3, on Nb using Au with Al2O3, ZrO2 or ThO2.
Hydrogen Oxidation in Cells
the u.s. national aeronautics and space administration U.S. Patent 3,287,174
Pressure build-up in electrochemical cells is prevented by introducing PdO to convert H2 to H2O.
Alkali-Chlorine Cell Anode
pittsburgh plate glass co.
U.S. Patent 3,287,250
The anode has a Pt surface activated by prior exposure as a cathode in an electrolyte inert to Pt.
Noble Metal-coated Valve Metal Electrodes
ionics inc. U.S. Patent 3,291,716
Electrodialysis equipment uses Pt/Ta electrodes.
Activation of Metal Surfaces
johnson, matthey & co. ltd.
German Patent 1,236,302
Surfaces of Pt group metals and their alloys, especially in the form of electrolysis electrodes, are activated by applying Hg and heating to 160−480°C.
Metal-coated Refractories
owens-illinois inc. British Patent 1,057,981
Refractories are protected against attack by molten materials, such as glass, by coating them with metal applied by spraying it in a molten state directly on to the surface of the refractory at a velocity of at least 100 ft/sec, the metal containing pure Pt or an alloy of at least 80% Pt.
Alloy Diffusion Process
e. i. du pont de nemours & co.
British Patent 1,060,328
A Fe metal article is provided with a diffusion coating of a Fe-Pt alloy by contacting the article with a molten mixture of Ca, CaCl2 and a source of Pt. The Ca forms 0.5−50% of the mixture and the operating temperature is between 800°C and the melting point of the article.
Electroplating
m. & t. chemicals inc. British Patent 1,064,295
This is one of a group of patents relating to preferential plating of areas of a cathode having a relatively high H overvoltage. Typically Cr is deposited on steel. This causes problems of electrolyte attack on the usual masking agents and resin. In this specification the areas to be plated are masked, a metal of low H overvoltage (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au or Ir) is applied to the clear areas, the masks are removed and plating carried out using the noble metal as an electrolyte-resistant mask. The process is claimed for steel in 1,064,297.
Electroless Palladium Plating
johnson, matthey & co. ltd.
U.S. Patent 3,285,754
Plating baths are buffered complexes of nitrito-palladite compounds. This corresponds to British Patent 965,859.
Oxidation-resistant Coating for Copper
general electric co. U.S. Patent 3,290,170
The oxidation-resistant coating, e.g. on electrical conductors, contains 62.5% Ga, 21.5% Ir and 16% Sn and, after application, is heated to form an alloy with the Cu.
Electrodeposition of Palladium
technic inc. U.S. Patent 3,290,234
The electrolyte consists of a Pd chelate of an N,N′-cyclic alkylenediamine tetraacetic acid dissolved in H2O with a phosphate conductor and a buffer to hold the pH at 4–12.
Electrodeposition of a Rhodium-Indium Alloy
johnson, matthey & co. ltd.
U.S. Patent 3,311,547
The brittleness of pure Rh deposits is overcome by addition to an 8–12 g/l Rh plating solution of 0.01−1.0 g/l In as a compatible salt, e.g. sulphate or perchlorate. Plating at 2.5−20 A/ft2 produces an In-Rh alloy deposit containing 0.1−1.0% In with only a very slight decrease in hardness compared to pure Rh. This corresponds to British Patent 959,062.
Decoration of Metal Surfaces
johnson, matthey & co. ltd.
French Patent 1,455,917
A metal or alloy differing in colour from the metal base is applied in an organic base and fired to produce slight adherence, the metal or alloy then being embossed with a design. Au, Ag and Pt metals, e.g. in flake form, are suitable decorative materials.
Multicomponent, Multifunctional Catalysts
mobil oil corp. British Patent 1,056,493
The catalyst claimed is a mixture of a known hydrogenation catalyst, e.g. Pt/Al2O3 with an activated crystalline aluminosilicate, both being in particulate form.
Isomerisation Process
universal oil products co.
British Patent 1,056,517
A preferred hydrocarbon catalyst contains Al2O3, a Pt group metal and combined halogen, particularly F2.
Removal of Nitrogen Compounds from Hydrocarbon Fractions
the british petroleum co. ltd.
British Patent 1,057,683
N compounds in hydrocarbon fractions (free from S) are removed over a catalyst comprising a Pt group metal on a support containing a major proportion of Al2O3 and a minor proportion of one or more other oxides of elements of Groups III and IV or P.
Preparation of Ethylene Glycol Acetates
e. i. du pont de nemours & co.
British Patent 1,058,995
These acetates are produced by reacting C2H4 with a liquid mixture of (a ) a Pd(II) salt, (b ) a metal acetate, (c ) a metal halide, (d ) an oxidising agent, (e ) CH3COOH, and (f ) 0.1−10% H2O.
Dehydrogenation of Alcohols
imperial chemical industries ltd.
British Patent 1,060,045
H is removed from an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic primary or secondary alcohol by treating it with a mixture of a Ru, Rh, Os or Ir compound, a stannous salt and LiCl.
Hydrocarbon Conversion Coating
texaco development corp.
British Patent 1,061,369
The catalyst is produced by contacting a Pt/Al2O3 composite in the presence of O2 at 149−427°C with an organic chloride activating agent containing at least two C atoms and having an atomic H:Cl ratio of less than 1.0, e.g. C2H2Cl4.
Production of Vinyl Acetate
the distillers co. ltd. British Patent 1,062,087 C2H4 and O2 are reacted with a mixture of CH3COOH, acetate ions, a Pt group metal catalyst and a Co or Mn salt.
Production of Cyclohexanone by Selective Hydrogenation of Phenol
veb leuna-werke ‘walter ulbricht’
British Patent 1,063,357
The hydrogenation catalyst consists of 0.3−5 wt.% Pd deposited on γ-Al2O3 containing 2−60% of an alkaline earth hydroxide.
Production of Vinyl Esters
e. i. du pont de nemours & co.
British Patent 1,063,434
C2H4 is reacted with an CH3COOH solution of a Pd salt, an ionisable metal acetate, a cupric salt and a metal chloride or bromide in specified conditions, the Pd salt concentration being 0.001–0.1 M. 1,063,435 describes a different set of operating conditions with the same catalyst.
Catalysts for Hydrocracking
esso research & engineering co.
British Patent 1,063,819
An improved support for a Pt metal is a molecular sieve zeolite with pore openings of 6–15 Å and a SiO2-Al2O3 ratio of at least 3:1 which has been treated with a non-reducing gas containing 0.2−5 vol.% halogen at 650−1,200°F.
Preparation of Vinyl Acetate
rhone-poulenc s.a. British Patent 1,063,938
C2H4, CH3CHO and O2 are reacted in an inert solvent at 60−200°C in the presence of a finely divided Group VIII metal catalyst, e.g. divided Os, Ru, Pd, Pt, Rh or Ir.
Production of Esters
imperial chemical industries ltd.
British Patent 1,064,066
A mixture of vinyl acetate and CH3CHO is produced by contacting C2H4 and O2 with a Pd salt in the presence of CH3COOH and a redox system.
Preparation of Acid Halides
imperial chemical industries ltd.
British Patent 1,065,343
The replacement of ring H atoms by carboxylic acid halide groups in aromatic compounds is catalysed by Group VIII metals, e.g. Pd or Rh.
Catalysts for Acetal Production
union oil co. U.S. Patent 3,285,970
A 2–5C alpha-olefine is oxidised to an acetal with O2 in an alcohol solvent with a Pt metal and a strong acid as catalyst, e.g. PdCl2 and HCl.
Platinum-Rhenium Anodic Oxidation Catalyst
esso research & engineering co.
U.S. Patent 3,287,171
This catalyst is obtained by coreducing a Pt salt and a Re salt with an alkali metal borohydride.
Increased Activity Hydrocracking Catalyst
union oil co. U.S. Patent 3,287,256
The activity of Group VIII metals (e.g. Pd) on molecular sieve supports is improved by presulphiding and oxidising. 3,287,257 is virtually identical.
Hydrogenation of Aldehydic Peroxides
esso research & engineering co.
U.S. Patent 3,287,283
Hydrogenation catalysed by Pt or the like produces hydroxy esters.
Hydrocarbon Conversion Process
texaco inc. U.S. Patent 3,287,439
Paraffins are isomerised by elevated temperature contact with Pt/Al2O3 containing Cl2 and F2.
Organic Group VIII Hydrogenation Catalyst
cabot corp. U.S. Patent 3,288,725
New catalysts are supported Group VIII metals, e.g. Pd, Pt or Ru, in the form of π -bonded organic halide complexes, e.g. 1,5-cyclooctadiene platinum dichloride.
Selective Hydroformylation of Olefines
diamond alkali co. U.S. Patent 3,290,379
The catalyst for this process is a dicobalt, dirhodium or diiridium octacarbonyl modified with a phosphite.
Hydrocarbon Hydrocracking Process
w. r. grace & co. U.S. Patent 3,291,720
The catalyst for this process contains 0.5−5% Rh sulphide with a Rh:S atomic ratio of 0.5–0.9, preferably on a SiO2/Al2O3 support.
Catalyst for Saturated Hydrocarbon Dehydrogenation
universal oil products co.
U.S. Patent 3,291,755
The composite catalyst has the composition 0.01−1.5% Li and 0.05−5.0% Group VIII metal, such as Pt, and As, Sb or Bi in a ratio to the Group VIII metal of about 1:0.2–0.45.
Selective Isobutane Production
chevron research co. U.S. Patent 3,291,852
Light distillates are converted continuously to iso -C4H10 by contact, in the presence of H2, with a noble metal catalyst on Al2O3 containing 2−7 wt.% halogen, especially Pt/F/Al2O3.
Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Paraffinic Hydrocarbons
universal oil products co.
U.S. Patent 3,291,855
Paraffins are dehydrogenated using an Al2O3 support coated with at least one metallic component selected from the metals of Groups VI and VIII, preferably Pt or Pd.
Hydroforming with a Platinum Metal Catalyst
universal oil products co.
U.S. Patent 3,296,118
A platinised or palladised fluoro/chloro-alumina catalyst is used for reforming in a recycling process. See also 3,296,119.
Production of Diene Polymers
phillips petroleum co. U.S. Patent 3,296,227
Dienes are polymerised to the trans -configuration using Rh nitrate as catalyst dissolved in a 2-ethylenic alcohol, e.g. 2-propen-1-ol.
Paraffin Dehydrocyclodimerisation
chevron corp. U.S. Patent 3,296,324
The catalyst for the cyclisation of lower molecular weight paraffins is a Group VIII metal on an acid Al2O3 support. Suitable metals are Pd and Pt.
Hydrocracking Catalyst
texaco inc. U.S. Patent 3,297,564
Middle oils are hydrocracked to premium gasolines using a catalyst which is a mixture of an Fe group oxide or sulphide and a Pt and/or Rh metal, oxide or sulphide on an SiO2-Al2O3 support. Co and Rh sulphides are suitable.
Nitro-olefine Hydrogenation
atlantic richfield co. U.S. Patent 3,297,769
A 1-nitroparaffin is obtained from the corresponding olefine by hydrogenation in the presence of a Pd/C catalyst.
Catalyst for Dehydroaromatisation
the standard oil co. (ohio)
U.S. Patent 3,297,773
Aromatic compounds are produced from aliphatic compounds in the presence of a Pd, Pt or Ir salt of a silicotungstic acid of formula SiO2.xWO3.yH2O, where x is 1–24 and y is 2–30.
Vinyl Acetate Production
asahi kasei k.k.k. U.S. Patent 3,300,528
CH3COOH, C2H4 and O2 are reacted in the gas phase over a mixture of Cu with Pt, Rh, Ru or Ir.
Polyalkylated Benzenes from Ketones
union oil co. U.S. Patent 3,301,912
A ketone is condensed at 400−900°F in the presence of Pd on a composite Al2O3-MoO2 support to give a polyalkylated C6H6.
Catalytic Isomerisation of Paraffin
mobil oil corp. U.S. Patent 3,301,917
The catalyst for hydroisomerisation is a mixture of a rare earth zeolite and a supported Pt catalyst.
Platinum-Ruthenium Mixed Oxide Catalysts
johnson, matthey & co. ltd.
U.S. Patent 3,305,402
Catalysts for oxidation, reduction and electrochemical processes are produced by fusing a mixture of Pt and Ru compounds with NaNO3 to form an intimate mixture of 90−99 wt.% Pt oxide and 1−10 wt.% Ru oxide and applying this to a suitable catalyst carrier or porous electrode matrix. This corresponds to British Patent 1,016,058.
Noble Metal Catalyst
johnson, matthey & co.
French Patent 1,445,176
An improved catalyst especially for olefine isomerisation consists of a salt such as RhCl3 or PdCl2 dissolved in a virtually non-volatile hydroxylic compound, e.g. propylene glycol, optionally dissolved on an inert porous support.
Noble Metal Oxide Catalysts
johnson, matthey & co. ltd.
French Patent 1,445,177
New catalysts are mixtures of oxides of two Pt metals (except Os), e.g. Rh/Ru, Pt/Ir and Ir/Pd.
Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde
johnson, matthey & co. ltd.
Belgian Patent 685,368 Dutch Appl. 66.11,392
Selective hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes, in particular of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol, is catalysed by supported Pt metals in alcoholic solutions with alkali promoters. Catalysts include ≥5% Pt/charcoal, Ru-Pt/charcoal, Pt/Al2O3.
Metallised Sheet Electrodes
american cyanamid co. British Patent 1,064,554
A H2-O2 fuel cell electrode consists of (a ) 20−60% fibrous support, (b ) 1−25% H2O-repellent compound, (c ) 1−25% metallic catalyst and (d ) 25−50% of an electrically conducting non-catalytic filler. The preferred catalyst is Pt, Pd or Ru.
Electrode for Fuel Cells
esso research & engineering co.
U.S. Patent 3,288,653
A non-porous electrode consists of an electrically conductive metal base plate with a metal screen welded to it and a finely divided metal catalyst pressed into the mesh of the screen. Thus a Pt-Ir alloy catalyst can be pressed into a Pt wire mesh welded to a Pt base plate.
Fuel Cell Electrodes
leesona corp. U.S. Patent 3,291,643
The fuel electrode consists of a H2-diffusion, non-porous Pd-Ag membrane coated on the front surface at least with a thin film of Group VIII metal black. The metal black is preferably Pd.
Fuel Cell Electrodes
esso research & engineering co.
U.S. Patent 3,296,102
The electrode consists of an electrically conductive base on which Pt black catalyst has been deposited at a reduction potential of +0.05 to −0.08 V and at a current density of 2−10 A/ft2.
Fuel Cell Catalyst
american cyanamid co. U.S. Patent 3,297,490
The catalyst, such as a Pt metal, has a new improved type of conducting support obtained by the pyrolysis of N-C polymer.
GLASS TECHNOLOGY
Apparatus for Use with Molten Oxide Mixtures and Glasses
deutsche gold-& silber-scheideanstalt
British Patent 1,064,474
Apparatus coming into contact with aggressive melts is made of a ductile alloy of 2−10% Rh, 0.5−10% Pd and the balance Pt.
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
Vitreous Compositions
e. i. du pont de nemours & co.
British Patent 1,062,378
A composition for application and firing on to a dielectric ceramic, to form an electrically conductive film which may be soldered, consists of 8−25% finely divided Pd, 55−84% finely divided Au and 8−37% of a finely divided vitreous binder.
Electrical Resistors
the telegraph condenser co. ltd.
British Patent 1,063,034
The resistor has a metal film, preferably a noble metal-base metal alloy and metal electrodes, e.g. of Au-Pt alloy.