NEW PATENTS: October 1969
Journal Archive
NEW PATENTS: October 1969
METALS AND ALLOYS
Improvements in and Relating to Alloys Containing Platinum Group Metals
johnson matthey & co. ltd French Patent 1,570,312
The alloys contain at least one of the Pt metals, especially Rh, Ir, Pt and Pd, and up to 20% of one of the transition elements Sc, Ti, V, Y, Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta or a lanthanide. The Pt metal is melted under inert conditions, the apparatus is evacuated, the transition element is added, and the alloy is cast.
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Improved Platinum Electrode
standard oil co. U.S. Patent 3,429,750
An electrically conducting inert support is impregnated with salts of Pt and a second metal (e.g. Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, etc.) dried and heated at 500−1,500°C to produce an intimate mixture of Pt and the second metal. A major amount of the second metal is then removed to increase the internal surface area of the electrode.
ELECTRODEPOSITION AND SURFACE COATINGS
Coating of Refractory Materials
johnson matthey & co. ltd British Patent 1,150,074
A protective metallic coating is applied to a refractory material by introducing the latter (below 400°C) into an atmosphere of vaporised Pt group metal oxide (or other reducible compound) maintained at about 1400°C. A coating of the reducible compound is deposited on the material and this is reduced to metal by further heat treatment. In preferred embodiments the oxide is PtO2.
Metal Plating Polymers
tokyo shibara electric co. ltd British Patent 1,155,257
Polymer articles are roughened by bombarding them with activated ions generated by glow discharge. The roughened surface is immersed in aqueous solutions of HCl/SnCl2 and HCl/PdCl2. The Pd is electrolessly plated on the surface and subsequently electrolytically plated on the coated surface.
Deposition of Platinum-Carbon Films
victory engineering corp. U.S. Patent 3,428,541
An electrically resistive film is produced by striking an arc between a Pt/C electrode and a counter-electrode to produce a vaporised mixture of Pt and C which is condensed on the substrate. Other Pt group metals can be used in the films.
Composite with a Platinum Coating
owens-illinois inc. U.S. Patent 3,432,278
A corrosion-resistant metal article comprises a base metal (Fe, Ni, etc.), a thin intermediate layer of an easily reduced metal (Cu, Ag or Au) and an outer layer of Pt. The latter is applied in molten droplet form using a plasma jet or by flame spraying.
JOINING
Refractory Metal-to-Ceramic Seal
philips electronic & associated industries ltd British Patent 1,151,473
A refractory ceramic body is bonded to a refractory metal surface by forming a tightly adherent non-porous layer of Mo and/or W on a portion of the surface of the ceramic, then bonding the refractory metal surface to the coated surface by means of a refractory metal wetting agent and a brazing metal. The wetting agent is a Rh-Mo or Ru-Mo alloy capable of wetting the non-porous layer.
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS
Platinum Metal Catalysts
e. i. du pont de nemours & co. British Patent 1,150,380
A catalyst composition comprises a Pt group metal on a carrier. The carrier is hydroxy carbonate of a rare earth metal. The CO32−content of the latter is 20−95% of that for the neutral rare earth carbonate. Alternatively the carrier may be a mixture of a lanthanide oxide with a lanthanide carbonate. The latter is 5−80% of the stoichiometric amount reckoned on the neutral lanthanide carbonate. Preferred embodiments are Ru on CeO2 containing Ce carbonate.
Palladium Catalysts
standard oil co. British Patent 1,150,422
A Pd/C catalyst is brought into contact with liquid HCOOH at a temperature of at least 100°F, for the purpose of controlling its activity. The activity of the catalyst may have been reduced by contacting with terephthalic acid and 4-carboxybenzaldehyde in the presence of H2. The catalyst is for the purification of aromatic poly-carboxylic acid.
Production of Adiponitrile
badische anilin-& soda-fabrik a.g. British Patent 1,151,567
Adiponitrile is continuously produced by liquid-phase hydrogenation of 1,4-dicyanobutenes at 50−200°C using a Pd catalyst comprising Pd and Ag as oxides or metals. The catalyst may also contain Ni, Co, V, Mn as oxides or metals. In an example the catalyst was composed of 0.3% Pd, 5% Ag, 1% Mn on hardened silicic acid pellets.
Catalysts
texaco development corporation British Patent 1,152,536
A chlorinated hydrocarbon activated Pt/Al2O3 composite is dynamically stabilised by (a ) heating (600−1200°F) in the presence of a non-reactive gas at prescribed flow rate; (b ) adjusting the gas temperature to 150−700°F; (c ) contacting the composite (150−700°F) with a compound selected from CCl4, CHCl3, CHCl2 or trichloroacetylchloride or in an O2 atmosphere with an organic chloride.
Dimerisation of Olefins
institut francais du petrole des carburants et lubrifiants British Patent 1,153,519
Olefins are dimerised in the presence of a catalyst which consists of an organo Al compound (e.g. AlEtCl2), and a halide of a precious metal (Pt, Ir, Rh or Pd). The catalyst is associated with a binder, e.g. S, an arsine, a phosphine or a stibine.
Reforming Aromatisation Process
esso research & engineering co. British Patent 1,153,920
A hydrocarbon feedstream is reformed by contacting it with a catalyst consisting of a metal of the Pt-group (e.g. Pt) carried on a refractory support. There are a number of catalyst zones. The catalyst in the tail zones is sulphided to the extent of 0.01−2.0 wt% of the total.
Unsaturated Esters
stamicarbon n.v. British Patent 1,154,517
Saturated organic carboxylic acids and olefines are reacted with O2 in the gas phase in contact with a Pd catalyst to yield unsaturated esters. The catalyst comprises a carrier material bearing Pd and one or more of Pt, Rh, Ru. The ratio of Pd to the other noble metal(s) is in the range 300:1 to 3:1.
Hydrocarbon Conversion Catalyst
texaco development corp. British Patent 1,155,516
A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst consists of Al2O3, 0.01−2% of Ru, Rh, Pd or Pt and 3−15% Cl and/or Br. A composite of the metal and Al2O3 is contacted with the halogen and one or more organic compounds (e.g. chloral, C2Cl4) at 200−800°F.
Phenylacrylonitriles
asahi kasei kogyo k.k. British Patent 1,156,620
Phenylacrylonitriles are produced by subjecting a gaseous mixture of styrene (or a styrene derivative), HCN and O2 (or air) to a catalytic reaction (100−500°C) in the presence of Pd, Rh, or a Pd or Rh compound. In examples PdCl2 is the preferred catalyst, supported on SiO2 and possibly treated with H2S prior to the synthesis reaction.
Oxidation Catalyst
ethyl corp. U.S. Patent 3,425,792
ICE exhaust gas is oxidised on a supported Pt catalyst promoted with a Pb compound. The catalyst is produced by digesting Al2O3 in H3PO4, adding Pb oxide and PtCl2 and calcining.
Catalytic Hydrogenation
universal oil products co. U.S. Patent 3,426,090
An aromatic compound, e.g. a benzene hydrocarbon is hydrogenated at 10−425°C at 1–200 atm, in contact with a group VIII metal (e.g. Pt) deposited on a refractory oxide support and chemically treated with a subfluoride vapour.
Catalyst Preparation
universal oil products co. U.S. Patent 3,428,572
Inorganic oxide support material (e.g. Al2O3) is mixed with a soluble compound of a catalytically active metal (e.g. Pt) and a soluble thioamide, mercaptocarboxylic acid or other S compound and treated to gel the inorganic oxide hydrosol.
Production of Acrolein and Methacrolein
sun oil co. U.S. Patent 3,428,686
C3H6 and isobutylene are reacted with air or O2 in the presence of a Pt catalyst metallic gauze at temperatures of 750−1000°C to yield aldehydes.
Normal Mono-olefines by Dehydrogenation
universal oil products co. U.S. Patent 3,429,944
6–20 C normal mono-olefines are produced by contacting the corresponding normal paraffin with a non-acidic Pt/Al2O3 catalyst in dehydrogenation conditions. The particle size of the catalyst should not be greater than 1/32 inch.
Molecular Rearrangement of Cycloalkadiene Compounds
universal oil products co. U.S. Patent 3,432,564
Cyclodecadiene rearranges to 1, 2-diethyl cyclohexane (among other things) on treatment with H2 in contact with a catalyst obtained by comingling Al2O3 spheres carrying a Pt compound and thiomalic acid.
Catalytic Hydrogenation
shell oil co. U.S. Patent 3,432,565
The catalyst for high temperature hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons is 0.3−3% Pt/Al2O3 with a low bulk density (<0.70 g/ml).
Cis -Cyclodecene
universal oil products co. U.S. Patent 3,433,842
Trans, cis –1, 5–cyclodecadiene is converted to cis -cyclodecene by contacting it with a Pd hydrogenation catalyst with an amine present to suppress side reactions. See also U.S. Patent 3,433,843.
Catalytic Reforming
chevron research co. U.S. Patent 3,434,960
Naphtha is reformed in contact with a catalyst consisting of a porous oxide carrier bearing 0.01−1.0 wt% Pt and 0.01−2 wt% Re. See also U.S. Patent 3,438,888.
Dealkylation of Alkyl Substituted Aromatics
universal oil products co. U.S. Patent 3,436,433
A catalyst for the dealkylation of alkyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons consists of a Rh–Fe–alkali metal−Cr2O3−Al2O3 composite, the alkali metal being K. See also U.S. Patent 3,436,434.
Removal of Oxygen from Closed Containers
universal oil products co. U.S. Patent 3,437,425
O2 is removed ft om closed containers by admitting H2 and contacting the gaseous mixture with a catalyst prepared by impregnating a support (Al2O3) with a Pd–Cl2 solution (Cl:Pd mol. ratio is 6:1 to 10:1) and thereafter drying and reducing the impregnated support. See also U.S. Patents 3,437,426–3,437,428.
Preparation of Acetaldehyde
farbwerke hoechst a.g. U.S. Patent 3,439,044
C2H4 is oxidised to CH3CHO in the presence of H2O and metallic Pd. The text discloses the use of metallic Pt metals generally on inorganic supports such as Al2O3.
Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Paraffins
shell oil co. U.S. Patent 3,439,061
Olefines are produced by the dehydrogenation of paraffins over sulphided Group VIII metal catalysts, e.g. Pt/Al2O3 with S added to the feedstock to maintain the S content.
Isomerisation Catalyst
texaco inc. U.S. Patent 3,440,300
A Pt/Al2O3 catalyst activated by a halogenated hydrocarbon is stabilised by heat treatment in the presence of a non-reactive gas (N2, air, O2, He) and contacting (150−700°F) with either an organic chloride containing at least 2 C atoms, in an O2 atmosphere and with CCl4, CHCl3, COCl3, CH2Cl2 or CCl3COCl. This provides a stabilised catalyst of Cl content 3−10%. See also U.S. Patent 3,440,301.
Isomerisation Catalyst
gulf research & development co. U.S. Patent 3,441,514
A Pt/Al2O3 composite catalyst is contacted with a S chloride and an O2-containing gas under non-reducing condition at 750−1100°F. Alternatively the activation may be carried out by contacting with a gaseous halogen and an O2-containing gas at 750−1100°F prior to contacting with SCl2.
Vinyl Acetate
knapsack a.g. U.S. Patent 3,441,601
Vinyl acetate is produced by the vapour phase reaction of C2H4, CH3COOH and O2 on a catalyst (Pd on an inert carrier) activated by exposure to air and N2. Fresh catalysts are first subjected to air at elevated temperatures and pressures and then to N2.
Hydrogenation Isomerisation
phillips petroleum co. U.S. Patent 3,441,624
Aromatic hydrogenation and cycloparaffin isomerisation are effected simultaneously in contact with a Group VIII metal catalyst (Pt) on halogen-treated Al2O3 at 150−275°F, 50−1500 psig and specified space velocity and H2 feed rate.
Selective Catalytic Hydrogenation of Crotonaldehyde
johnson matthey & co. ltd Swiss Patent 467,229
C3H7CHO is produced by the hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde in the liquid phase using a Pd metal catalyst deposited on a support, preferably Al2O3, C or a ceramic material. This corresponds to British Patent 1,089,835.
HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS
Polysiloxane-Polyoxyalkylene Block Copolymers
rhone-poulenc s.a. British Patent 1,151,960
New block copolymers are produced by reaction of linear polysiloxanes with polyalkylene-glycol monoethers. The reaction of Si-H bonds with the alcohols requires a catalyst, preferably Pt, Pt black or H2PtCl6. The acid is preferred.
Production of Unsaturated Esters
imperial chemical industries ltd British Patent 1,154,039
An olefin and O2 are contacted with a solution consisting of a Pd (II) salt, a carboxylic acid, halide ions, carboxylate ions, a Cu salt and an inorganic redox system of specified E°.
Hydrogenation Process
imperial chemical industries ltd British Patent 1,154,937
Unsaturated organic substrates are hydrogenated in homogeneous liquid media by contacting with H2 in the presence of a zero valent Pt or Pd compound containing one or more ligands derived from organic substituted phosphines. Compounds exemplified include bis(triphenyl-phosphine)(acetylene)Pt(O) and tetrakis(triphenyl-phosphine)-Pd.
Oligomerisation of Olefines
imperial chemical industries ltd British Patent 1,155,003
Mono-olefines are oligomerised in a solution of a Rh or Ru salt (e.g. chloride) in a hydrocarbon containing H2O. Co-ordinating ligands (e.g. Ph3P) may be present.
Production of Organosilicon Compounds
deutsche gold-und silber-scheideanstalt British Patent 1,158,510
A compound containing at least one Si-H group is reacted with an organic compound containing at least one C=C or C≡C in the presence of a catalyst of general formula PtX2(RCOCR′COR″)2 e.g. dichloroplatinum(IV) acetylacetonate.
Catalytic Oxidation of Olefines
farbwerke hoechst a.g. British Patent 1,158,706
Olefines are oxidised (O2 or air) in the liquid phase in the presence of a solution containing an (organic) acid, a Pd salt (e.g. PdCl2) and a suspension of an inert powder (active C, SiC, etc.) of specified particle size.
Palladium Carbonyl Halide
olin mathieson chemical corp. U.S. Patent 3,438,750
New carbonylation agents have the formula [Pd(CO)X2]n where X is halogen and n is 2–1,000,000 and are made by reacting PdX2 and/or PdHX with CO.
Olefine-palladium Chloride Complex
w. r. grace & co. U.S. Patent 3,439,009
An olefine dimerisation catalyst is a complex of formula L2Pd2Cl4, where L is a 2−12C mono-olefine such as C2H4.
FUEL CELLS
Porous Electrode Material
allmanna svenska elektriska a.b. British Patent 1,151,938
An electrode material for fuel cells is made by applying a Pt group metal on a porous conducting body. This is accomplished by contacting the pores with a Pt group metal compound (e.g. Pd acetylacetonate, other acetylacetonates (Pt, Rh, Ir, Ru) or Pt carbonyl chlorides) which is decomposable in the gaseous state.
Fuel Cell Membranes
leesona corp. British Patent 1,152,580
A high-strength supported Pd-Ag alloy membrane is made by coating a Ni gridlike support with a thin layer of Au, contacting this coated grid with a thin Pd-Ag alloy membrane under pressure and heating (also under pressure) to a temperature sufficient to bond the support to the membrane.
Catalysts for Fuel Cell Electrodes
sun oil co. U.S. Patent 3,428,490
The H2 electrode of a H2-O2 cell is prepared from 88−99% of a diluent metal matrix (Ag, Cr, Ti, etc.) and 12−1% of an alloy of a catalytic noble metal and Al (e.g. Al-Pd). On leaching the product the major portion of the Al is removed.
High Temperature Fuel Cell
general electric co. (new york)
U.S. Patent 3,432,352
A high temperature (800°C) fuel cell contains a porous film of Pd metal between and in contact with the solid O2 ion electrolyte and the porous C anode. The electrolyte is stabilised ZrO2 and the Pd film is preferably about 1 μ thick.
Electrochemical Power Supply with Moveable Anodes
texas instruments inc. U.S. Patent 3,432,354
A fuel cell using aqueous electrolyte and a cathode comprising a Pt-type catalytic material has an anode in the form of a strip of metal which may be wound through the cell.
Electrode for Fuel Cell
u.s. secretary of the interior U.S. Patent 3,433,680
The fuel cell electrode for a solid electrolyte cell is made of Pt fused to the electrolyte in a reducing atmosphere.
Catalytic Fuel Cell Electrodes
leesona corp. U.S. Patent 3,438,815
The electrodes consist of a porous integral layer of metal covered with a layer comprising a catalytic metal dispersed in a hydrophobic metal, e.g. Pt black in ptfe applied to a porous Ni sheet.
Fuel Cell Gas Electrode
shell oil co. U.S. Patent 3,438,817
An electrode consists of a porous base coated with an electrically conducting film and then coated with (a ) a first catalytic coating consisting of Pt metal, Ni, Ag or C in a polymeric binder and (b ) a second coating of Pt metal, Ni, Ag or C in a second different polymeric binder.
Fuel Cell Electrodes
american cyanamid co. U.S. Patent 3,440,107
A noble metal compound (containing Pt or Rh or both) is treated with a polysubstituted silane containing Si-H groups in an alcoholic solvent in the presence of an electrically conductive filler. A chemically reduced noble metal of specified crystallite size is thereby precipitated on to the conductive filler.
CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
Separation of Hydrogen from Other Gases
international nickel ltd British Patent 1,152,283
H2 is separated from gaseous mixtures containing more than 50% H2 by causing Pd to absorb H at a relatively high pressure and desorb it at a relatively low pressure. The cycle of adsorption and desorption is repeated under such conditions that 45−80% saturation of Pd with H is achieved at the end of each adsorption step. The Pd is of specified surface area. See also British Patent 1,153,636.
Continuous Monitoring of Hydrogen and Oxygen
the boeing co. U.S. Patent 3,426,579
The fluid containing H and O to be monitored impinges on a heated Pd alloy barrier in a chamber which has been activated with H2. The other side of the barrier is pumped down to a low vacuum. The H2 passes through the barrier and the pressure difference created is a measure of the amount present in the liquid.
Activated Platinum Coatings for Electrodes
oronzio de nora impianti elettrochimici s.a.s. U.S. Patent 3,428,544
An electrode (for the electrolysis of salt solutions) comprises a metallic base (Ti) coated with at least one Pt group metal containing 0.2−2.0% of an activating metal selected from Sb, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ta, V or Nb.
Hydrogen Separation and Purification
union carbide corp. U.S. Patent 3,439,474
H2 is separated from gas mixtures by means of a H2 diffusion barrier foil consisting of an alloy of 37.5−42 wt% Cu and the remainder Pd.
Activation of Platinum Metal Electrodes
johnson matthey & co. ltd Dutch Patent 125,889
Particularly active electrodes for use in brine electrolysis are produced by exposing a Ti electrode plated with Pt group metal or alloy, in particular Pt, Pt-Rh or Pd-Ag, to the action of Hg vapour or alkali metal amalgam vapour, the Hg coating being distilled off after it has been deposited to leave the surface in a highly active state. This corresponds to British Patent 957,703.
GLASS TECHNOLOGY
Alloys for Glass Making Equipment
johnson matthey & co. ltd British Patent 1,155,563
Pt-Rh-Au alloys for use in contact with molten glass contain, apart from impurities, 65−97% Pt, 2−25 Rh and 1−10% Au. The compositions are specified in the form of an area represented on a triangular diagram. The alloy is produced by melting together pure Pt and pure Rh in sponge form and pure Au in grain form, then chill casting into an ingot.
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
Thermionic Diodes
philips electronic & associated industries ltd British Patent 1,150,930
The cathode of a thermionic diode is of the dispenser type, with a porous W member coated with a thin layer of Os, Ir, Re or Rh. The anode (Cu or Mo or Au-plated Mo) is in the form of a disc. In operation the anode temperature is less than 450°K, the cathode temperature is ∼1050°K.
Metallising Compositions
international business machines corp. British Patent 1,151,298
A pattern of electrically conductive material may be provided on a ceramic substrate by firing on to the substrate a composition which includes a vitreous frit and a particulate metal. The latter is 59.8−70% Au, 10−20% Pt and the balance Pd.
Resistors
e. i. du pont de nemours & co. British Patent 1,151,658
Pd-based resistors are encapsulated with a glaze made from a composition consisting of (A): a major part of a glass frit (from PbO, CdO, B2O3, SiO2, or from PbO, PbF2, B2O3 and SiO2, of specified composition) and (B): a minor part of finely divided fused SiO2, petalite, spodumene, beta-eucryptite (or any mixture of these).
Metallising Compositions
e. i. du pont de nemours & co. British Patent 1,151,797
A composition useful for metallising electrodes consists of 75−95% of a finely divided noble metal powder (e.g. Ag, Pt and Pd in specified ratios) and 25−5% of a finely divided inorganic binder (e.g. BiO3 and a Na Cd borosilicate glass). See also British Patents 1,152,502 and 1,154,890.
Electrical Resistors
t.r.w. inc. British Patent 1,158,381
A vitreous enamel resistor composition consists of a mixture of a glass frit, finely divided particles of an electrically conductive material (Pd and Ag in specified amounts) and kaolin.
Palladium Ohmic Contact for Semiconductors
international business machines corp. U.S. Patent 3,431,472
Pd metal is deposited on to the desired regions of a Si body below the Pd/Si eutectic temperature. It is then sintered to produce a firm bond on the body and then Au leaf is compression-bonded in situ to each contact.
Ruthenium Sparking Plug Electrodes
johnson matthey & co. ltd Japanese Patent 532,729
Sparking plug electrodes, without a fibrous structure and resistant to Pb and its compounds at high temperature, are made from Ru powder or a Ru-Ir alloy powder of specified particle size. All particles must be in the range 1−76 μ and the 10–20 and 20–30 μ particles must represent, respectively, 20−35% and 30−50% of the powder weight. This corresponds to British Patent 1,099,387.