NEW PATENTS: July 1973
Journal Archive
NEW PATENTS: July 1973
METALS AND ALLOYS
Cladding Alloys
leach & gardner co. British Patent 1,310,082
Cladding alloys, especially for a core of Be-Cu, contain 40−60 wt.% Au, 9.6−14.4% Pd, 4.8−7.2% Ag and Ni, 19.2−28.8% Cu and 1.6−2.4% Zn. They replace more expensive Au, Ag and Pt alloys, e.g. in spring contacts.
Palladium Alloy-Silver Alloy Composite Materials
matsushita electric industrial co. ltd. British Patent 1,312,151
A composite material intended for electrical contacts consists of a Pd alloy sheet and an Ag alloy sheet bonded together using a Ni-Cu sheet at 720−850°C and rolled to required thickness.
Graphite/Noble Metal Mixtures
british petroleum co. ltd. British Patent 1,312,273
A mixture of graphite and Pt, Au or Ag is obtained by grinding a natural or synthetic graphite with Pt, Au or Ag in an organic liquid to give a surface area of at least 5 m2/g. This mixture can be used in lubricants.
Platinum Metal Alloys
johnson matthey & co. ltd. U.S. Patent 3,709,667
Dispersion-strengthened Pt group metals and alloys are produced by introducing an oxide refractory precursor such as Zr as an alloying additive. The alloy formed is converted to powder, cold worked, oxidised to give an oxide in the powder and then compacted and sintered.
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Electrode Production
badische anilin- & soda-fabrik a.g. British Patent 1,303,865
A Ti, Zr or other stable core is coated with an oxide mixture of at least one Pt group metal and at least one Si, Ge or Sn oxide and fired at 200−1200°C. Ru/Si oxides form an adherent electrode coating.
ELECTRODEPOSITION AND SURFACE COATINGS
Chemical Plating
kollmorgen corp. British Patent 1,306,201
A sensitiser solution for chemical metal plating contains a double metal complex of a Group VIII or IB noble metal, a Group IV metal and an anion, e.g. a Ru-Sn chloride complex.
Two Stage Chemical Plating
crown city plating co. British Patent 1,307,927
Plastics articles are etched and sensitised with a Pd salt in the usual way. A thin strike coating of Cu is applied and is followed by a heavy coating from an inhibited bath that would not plate on to the original Pd nuclei.
LABORATORY APPARATUS AND TECHNIQUE
Gas Analysis
california institute of technology U.S. Patent 3,701,632
Pd membranes permeable to H2 are used in the analysis of gas streams.
Humidity Sensor
honeywell inc. U.S. Patent 3,703,697
A relative humidity sensor consists of a noble metal electrode coated with an oxide of Fe, Co or Ni.
Carbon Dioxide Sensor
general electric co. U.S. Patent 3,705,088
A sensor for CO2 has a Pd/PdO surface and a Ag/Ag halide surface.
Hydrogen Ion Sensor
general electric co. U.S. Patent 3,709,810
An H+ selective sensor has an electrode with a Pd surface coated with PdO.
Hydrogen Diffusion Unit
johnson matthey & co. ltd. French Appl. 2,130,582
A diffusion unit of two superimposed metal foils, e.g. Ag/Pt, is described in which at least one foil or preferably both, are corrugated. A wire helix is situated in each corrugation to prevent collapse under high pressures and to facilitate diffusion and collection of H2.
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS
Hydrofining Combined Process
esso research & engineering co. British Patent 1,305,054
“Hydrodesulphurfining” is carried out in a recycle process in which the preferred catalysts are Pd, Pt, Mo, Ni and/or Co on Al2O3 or SiO2.
Aromatisation Catalyst
asahi kasei kogyo k.k. British Patent 1,305,137
Aromatic compounds are produced from C2H4, etc., and H2 at 300−650°C in the presence of a supported mixture of Pt, Pb and at least one of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Mg, Be, Zn, Sr, Ba, Cd, Hg, Ge, Sn, Bi, Cr, Mo, W, U, Re, Rh, Ru, Pd, Os or Ir.
Acetic Acid Production
ajinomoto co. inc. British Patent 1,306,863
CH3COOH is produced from CO, CH3OH and H2 the presence of a transition metal catalyst and a halogen-containing co-catalyst, e.g. Rh/C and molecular halogen.
Acetylene Removal from Olefins
polymer corp. ltd. British Patent 1,307,554
Acetylenes are removed from olefinic feedstocks by contact with a catalyst containing a Group I–III metal hydride or organic compound and a transition metal compound. Rh, Pd, Os and Pt are claimed specifically.
Nitrogen Dioxide Removal from Gases
badische anilin- & soda-fabrik a.g. British Patent 1,308,383
NO2 is removed from gases by reacting it with CO in the presence of Pd and/or Pt deposited on Al2O3/SiO2.
Water Vapour in Gases
air products & chemicals inc. British Patent 1,309,098
A controlled amount of H2O vapour in a carrier gas is produced by reacting measured amounts of H2 with an oxidising agent in the gas. The oxidising agent may be air or N2O; Pt group metals catalyse the formation of H2O.
Inhibition of Hydrogenolysis
esso research & engineering co. British Patent 1,309,862
In the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons using Pt group metal catalysts, unwanted hydrogenolysis to light products is avoided by adding a Group IB metal to the catalyst, e.g. Cu or Ag can be used with Ru on SiO2.
Electrically Non-conductive Carbon
farbwerke hoechst a.g. British Patent 1,310,175
Non-conducting C is produced by dehydrogenating a polycycloaliphatic compound in the presence of a Pt, Ni or Pd catalyst.
White Mineral Oil Production
atlantic richfield co. British Patent 1,310,320
A lubricating oil distillate is converted to a white mineral oil using a hydroisomerisation/hydro-cracking catalyst and a hydrogenation catalyst, the latter containing a Pt metal.
Lubricating Oil
atlantic richfield co. British Patent 1,311,431
A high viscosity index lubricating oil is produced by treating a crude with H2 in the presence of a hydrogenation-hydrocracking catalyst. This catalyst consists of a Pt group metal deposited on a rare earth-exchanged crystalline aluminosilicate.
Hydrocarbon Isomerisation
gulf research & development co. British Patent 1,311,554
More highly branched hydrocarbons are obtained by purifying a feed-stock on a molecular sieve and then contacting it with a supported Pt group catalyst, e.g., a commercial Pt/Al2O3 reforming catalyst.
Synthetic Diamonds
ukrainsky ordena trudovogo krasnogo znameni nauchno-issled. konstruktorstekh-nologichesky institut British Patent 1,311,641
Diamond synthesis is catalysed by a metal having graphite crystallites dispersed in it. The six Pt metals are suitable catalytic metals.
I.C.E. Exhaust Gas Treatment
universal oil products co. U.S. Patent 3,701,823
I.C.E. exhaust gases are treated in two catalyst stages. The second stage catalyst may be a Pt group metal or Ag and is concerned with CO removal.
Isomerisation Catalyst
union oil co. of california U.S. Patent 3,706,815
New catalysts for isomerisation processes are Pt group metal chelates of a polyphosphoric acid deposited on a support, e.g. tetramine platinum(II) pyrophosphate on graphite.
Hydrofining-Hydrocracking Catalysts
chevron research co. U.S. Patent 3,709,814
A hydrofining-hydrocracking process uses a catalyst consisting of Pd on a molecular sieve and Ni or Co on a SiO2-Al2O3 gel support.
Oxidation Catalysts
johnson matthey & co. ltd. French Appl. 2,130,310
Catalysts for I.C.E. exhaust gas treatment, NO reduction and reforming reactions are alloys of Pt, 1−50% Rh and 0.01−25% base metal.
High Temperature Catalysts
johnson matthey & co. ltd. German Offen. 2,228,909
Articles such as thermocouples or supported catalysts which are for use at high temperatures in reducing or non-oxidising conditions consist of a refractory core coated with a MgO barrier layer and then with a layer of a Pt group metal or alloy. The core may consist of a refractory oxide, carbide, nitride, etc.
Gauze Catalyst
johnson matthey & co. ltd. German Offen. 2,239,514
Gas reactions, such as NH3 oxidation for HNO3 production, are catalysed by two sets of gauzes. The reactant gases first come into contact with noble metal gauzes, e.g. 10% rhodium-platinum alloy, and then with less volatile catalytic gauzes, e.g., austenitic 21% Ni, 23% Cr stainless steel or a Pt-Ni-Cr alloy.
HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS
Synthesis of Octadienyl Alcohols
union carbide corp. British Patent 1,307,101
Butadiene and H2O can be reacted in the presence of a Pt, Pd or Ru complex of a phosphine, diketone, etc., to give octadienol as a direct product.
Aldehyde Production
celanese corp. British Patent 1,307,346
Olefins are reacted with H2 and CO to give aldehydes in the presence of a Rh arsine, phosphine or stibine complex, e.g. (PPh3)2Rh(CO)Cl.
Allyl Carboxylate Isomerisation
toyo soda manufacturing co. ltd. British Patent 1,308,749
Esters of allyl alcohol are isomerised by certain Pt chlorides, chloroplatinum acids and their salts. The preferred catalysts are PtCl and H2PtCl6 and its salts.
Alcohol Production
imperial chemical industries ltd. British Patent 1,309,153
9 C alcohols are produced by reacting butadiene with HCHO in the presence of a Pt or Pd compound. Pd phosphine, acetylacetonate and maleic anhydride complexes are mentioned in the examples.
Olefin Conversion Catalyst
institut francais du petrole, des carburants et lubrifiants British Patent 1,309,529
Olefin conversion reactions are catalysed by a mixture of one or more Lewis acids and one or more “carbenometal” compounds having the formula (L)mM = CXY, where M is a Group VI–VIII metal especially Mn, Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Pt, Pd or Ru, L is a N, O, P, As, Sb ligand, halogen, and/or a C-C multiple bond, m is 1–5 and X and Y are 1–30 C hydrocarbons. Thus (PPh3)Cl2Pd = C(OMe) (NHPh) can be used with EtAlCl2.
Hydroformylation Process
b.p. chemicals ltd. British Patent 1,312,076
Aldehyde production by olefin hydroformylation is catalysed by a complex of a Group VIII metal other than Fe, Ni, Pd or Pt, e.g. Rh(CO)2 (acac).
Tetrahydropyran Derivatives
toray industries inc. British Patent 1,312,138
A compound having a divinyl tetrahydropyran structure is produced from a diene and formaldehyde or higher aldehyde in the presence of a Pd complex, especially a zerovalent or divalent complex such as Pd bisacetylacetonate.
Olefin Carbonylation Process
mobil oil corp. U.S. Patent 3,700,706
Olefins are converted to acids and/or esters using a phosphine-complexed Pd salt and a Sn co-catalyst.
Allyl Esters
phillips petroleum co. U.S. Patent 3,700,724
The reaction of allyl halides and carboxylates to produce allyl esters is catalysed by alkali metal or ammonium tetrahalopalladate or tetrahalo-platinate, e.g. K2PdCl4.
Addition to Double Bonds
hercules inc. U.S. Patent 3,700,727
Organic groups are introduced into an ethylenically unsaturated acid, nitrile or ester using an unstable Pd adduct formed in situ, e.g. phenyl Hg chloride and Li2PdCl6 act to produce phenyl Pd chloride which introduces phenyl into methyl methacrylate, forming methyl cinnamate.
Aromatic Acid Production
union oil co. of california U.S. Patent 3,700,729
An aromatic acid is formed from an aromatic compound and CO in the presence of Pd and/or ferric chloride or bromide.
Methyl Ethyl Ketone Production
h. hasegawa et al.
U.S. Patent 3,701,810
MEK is produced from n-butene in the presence of Cl−, Pd++ and Fe+++ ions.
Olefin Addition Reaction
union oil co. of california U.S. Patent 3,702,856
C2H4 and/or C3H6 are reacted with a halogen acid, H2O and/or a carboxylic acid to give an alkyl halide, alcohol and/or carboxylic acid in the presence of a Pt group metal catalyst, e.g. PdCl2.
Organic Phosphorus Compounds
stauffer chemical co. U.S. Patent 3,705,214
Organic P(V) compounds are produced by the reaction of an aryl or vinyl halide with a phosphite in the presence of PdCl2 or another Pd(II) salt.
Cyclisation Catalyst
universal oil products co. U.S. Patent 3,707,481
Aryl-substituted unsaturated compounds may be cyclised in the presence of a Group VIII metal salt, e.g. Pd acetylacetonate or acetate.
CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
Needle Electropolishing
ethicon inc. U.S. Patent 3,703,452
Surgical steel needles are polished as they arc supported in a magnetic film on a Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir or Au anode.
Image Stabilisation
polaroid corp. U.S. Patent 3,704,126
Ag images are stabilised with a noble metal below Ag in the electromotive series, e.g. using a Au, Pt or Pd compound.
Ruthenium-impregnated Graphite
johnson matthey & co. ltd. German Offen. 2,228,271
A C or graphite body, preferably porous, is treated to expel gases and then contacted with a solution or suspension of Ru metal or a Ru compound, the solvent or dispersant being subsequently evaporated. The Ru compound may optionally be decomposed. Carbon or graphite particles may be coated by this method and then compressed. The level of impregnation may be predetermined.
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
Ohmic Contacts
r.c.a. corp. British Patent 1,307,667
A transistor has semiconductor openings adjacent to the insulated gate which are coated with Pd, Rh, Ru, Os, Ir or Pt, by immersion in a solution of the metal salt acidified with HF, to provide contacts. These can be reinforced with Au.
Silicon Planar Transistors
siemens a.g. British Patent 1,308,415
A planar Si transistor is made by doping an Si crystal and applying Pt or Pd through a mask. The unit is heated at 350−600°C to form Pt or PtSi.
Semiconductor Devices
t.r.w. inc. British Patent 1,310,942
A high speed switch semiconductor is doped in some regions with Pt.
Semiconductor Treatment
western electric co. inc. British Patent 1,311,048
Boric oxide for use in encapsulating semiconductors is gettered with an alloy of B and Pt or Pd.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
Thermocouple Compensating Leads
johnson matthey & co. ltd. French Appl. 2,124,537
A compensating apparatus for a thermocouple, preferably Pt:13%Rh-Pt, comprises two compensating leads, one of which includes at least two insulated conductor limbs, of which one limb is formed from material having thermoelectric properties different from any other conductor limb. The thermoelectric e.m.f. of the combined thermocouple and compensating leads is adjustable.