NEW PATENTS: April 1974
Journal Archive
NEW PATENTS: April 1974
METALS AND ALLOYS
Internal Oxidation of Work-hardened Platinum and Gold and Alloys thereof
johnson, matthey & co. ltd. British Patent 1,340,076
Pt-group metals and alloys thereof are dispersion-strengthened by alloying with up to 5 wt.% of a material capable of forming a stable, refractory oxide, flame-spraying the alloy into water to form granules, ball-milling and recrystallising the granules and then internally oxidising prior to compacting and sintering.
Ball Point Pen Writing Ball
the parker pen co. U.S. Patent 3,746,456
Cemented carbide compositions to make ball points are produced from WC or TiC and a binder alloy containing Co and Ni, and ∼18−20% Cr, 0.1−1% Pt and 0−3% Fe.
Cobalt-Platinum Group Alloys Whose Anisotropy Is Greater than Their Demagnetisable Field
international business machines corp. U.S. Patent 3,755,796
These alloys contain not less than 50% Co and the balance in the form of Ru, Re, Os, Rh, Ir, Si, Ge, As and/or Pt able to depress the saturation magnetisation field of the Co.
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
Synthesis of Silylmetallic Complexes
dow corning corp. U.S. Patent 3,746,732
Silyl complexes of Pt and Pd are prepared by reacting below 150°C, disilanes or hydrosilanes with phosphine complexes of the formula M(PR′3)2Y2. Specifically, hexachlorodisilane is reacted with Pd(PPhMe2)2Cl2 to give Pd(PPhMe2)3 (SiCl3)Cl and/or Pd(PPhMe2)2(SiCl3)2.
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Electrolysis Electrodes
electronor corp. British Patent 1,344,241
A new electrode coating consists of a coherent mixture of cobalt titanate and a valve metal oxide-precious metal oxide solid solution, e.g. a TiO2-RuO2 solid solution.
ELECTRODEPOSITION AND SURFACE COATINGS
Metallisation of Plastics
imperial chemical industries ltd. British Patent 1,335,962
Substrates to be chemically plated may be treated with an organic cation solution and then with a Pt-group metal solution to complete the sensitisation.
LABORATORY APPARATUS AND TECHNIQUE
High Emittance Coating for Noble Metals
the united states atomic energy commission U.S. Patent 3,751,295
A controlled emittance is applied to a noble metal selected from the group including Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt by plasma arc spraying modified Al2O3 on a surface of the noble metal, the Al2O3 being modified by having a HCl-washed Al2O3 powder containing a dispersion of a metal black.
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS
Aldehyde Production Catalysts
johnson, matthey & co. ltd. British Patent 1,335,531
An organic compound is hydroformylated or carbonylated in the vapour phase using, as catalyst, a hydrido carbonyl bis or tris (trisubstituted PH3, AsH3 or SbH3) Rh complex deposited on a solid support.
Norbornyl Compounds
monsanto co. British Patent 1,336,101
Norbornyl butanones are produced from the corresponding butenones by hydrogenation over a Pd/C catalyst.
Catalytic Reforming of Gasoline Fractions
universal oil products co. British Patent 1,337,788
Low octane fractions are reformed to higher octane fractions using a supported mixture of a Pt-group metal and Re as catalyst with S added to the feedstock. A suitable catalyst has 0.2% Re and 0.55% Pt on γ- or η-Al2O3.
Hydrocarbon Conversion Process
standard oil co. British Patent 1,339,554
Very high yields of aromatics and gasolines have been produced from a petroleum feedstock using a Group VIII metal, especially Pt, on a co-catalytic solid support consisting of a refractory oxide and mordenite.
Tertiary Amine Production
dai-ichi kogyo seiyaku co. ltd. British Patent 1,341,871
Higher alkyl groups are introduced into tertiary amines using hydroxy compounds in the presence of Pt-group metal catalysts. For example diethyl octyl amine and dodecyl alcohol are reacted in the presence of Ru powder to give an 83% yield of ethyl dodecyl octyl amine.
Hydroxytetralone and Its Derivatives
warner-lambert co. British Patent 1,342,866
Hydroxytetralone is produced by the reduction of dihydroxynaphthalene with H2 in the presence of a Pd catalyst such as 10% Pd/C.
Process for the Isomerisation of Olefins
petro-tex chemicals corp. U.S. Patent 3,752,864
Aliphatic hydrocarbon olefins having 4 to 5 C atoms are isomerised to their equilibrium mixture over a unique catalyst of PdO-WO3 on a support.
Vapour Phase Reaction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds to Form Aromatic Isocyanates
olin corp. U.S. Patent 3,754,014
Nitro compounds are reacted with CO to give isocyanates in the presence of Rh, Pd, Ru, Ir, Os or Pt oxides or halides, preferably mixed with a Cu compound on a SiC support.
Continuous Process for The Purification of Monochloroacetic Acid
farbwerke hoechst a.g. U.S. Patent 3,754,029
Di- and trichloroacetic acid contained as impurities in crude monochloroacetic acid are partially dehalogenated and transformed to monochloroacetic acid in a continuous process in which the crude is trickled through a catalyst layer, the active constituent of which is a Pt group metal, e.g. Pd/SiO2. The process operates at 110−145°C in the presence of H2.
Simultaneous Production of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Isobutane
universal oil products co. U.S. Patent 3,755,140
A naphtha feed-stock is subjected to catalytic reforming, separation and hydrocracking to produce aromatics and isobutane. The reforming stage uses low severity conditions and employs Pt-group metal catalysts, e.g. Pt plus F on Al2O3.
Bimetallic Catalytic Composite
universal oil products co. U.S. Patent 3,761,426
A catalytic composite made of a Pt component, a Pb component and a halogen component with a porous carrier material is disclosed. About 0.01−2% Pt and about 0.1−3.5% halogen are present and the Pb component is present in an atomic ratio to Pt component of ∼0.05:1−0.9:1.
Dehydrogenation Method
universal oil products co. U.S. Patent 3,763,255
Hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated by contacting them with a catalytic composite of a Pt component, an Ir component and an alkali or alkaline earth metal component and a porous carrier material in a manner such that the Pt and Ir are uniformly dispersed in the carrier material and are present in an atomic ratio of Ir:Pt of ∼0.5:1−1.5:1. S must be absent.
Exhaust Gas Treatment Catalyst
azote et produits chimiques s.a. French Patent 2,153,652
I.C.E. exhaust gases are treated over a catalyst consisting of an Al2O3 and/or aluminosilicate support carrying 0.01−0.05% Pt-group metal and 5−20% Ni as oxide. Suitably 8−12% Ni and about 0.02% Pt are on a honeycomb support.
Treating Exhaust Gases
ford france s.a. French Appl. 2,157,351
Car exhaust gases are contacted with a first catalyst to reduce NOx and then with a Ru-based catalyst to reduce the NH3 compounds formed after contact with the first catalyst. The first catalyst is of Pt, Pd, Ir or Rh.
Metallic Catalysts
johnson, matthey & co. ltd. French Appl. 2,160,582
Oxidation and reduction catalysts and catalysts for the preparation of CH4 by the steam reforming of naphtha consist of an inert support impregnated or covered with a mixture or alloy of 5−55% Ru, 1−20% Rh, optionally 0−20% of a base metal, with the remainder Pt.
HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS
Rhodium Catalysts
johnson, matthey & co. ltd. British Patent 1,335,529
Organic compounds are hydrogenated, hydro-formylated or carbonylated using, as catalyst, either a hydrido carbonyl bis or tris (trisubstituted PH3, AsH3 or SbH3) Rh complex, or a halogen or pseudo-halogen Pt-group metal complex containing either an organic isocyanide, an organic compound containing a Group 5B or 6B atom with a lone pair or a Sn(II) or Ge(II) halide. Preferably, the reaction solution is gravity-fed through a particulate bed through which the reactant gas stream passes in con-or counter-current relationship. In the one example RhH(CO)(PPh3)3 is used to produce n-hexalde-hyde from pentene-1, CO and H2.
Rhodium Complexes for Catalytic Reactions
johnson, matthey & co. ltd. British Patent 1,338,225
Hydroformylation and hydrogenation of gaseous olefins such as C3H6 may be carried out in the absence of inert solvent by using a molten Ph3P medium containing a hydrido carbonyl complex of rhodium. Catalytic species thought to be present are RhH(CO)(PPh3)3, RhH(CO)2(PPh3)2 and RhH(CO)(PPh3)2.
Preparation of Aldehydes from Olefins
ethyl corp. U.S. Patent 3,752,859
Aldehydes are prepared by reacting CO with an olefin and a primary alcohol in the presence of a Rh halide catalyst. For example, when 1-hexene is reacted with MeOH and CO in the presence of catalytic quantity of Rh(III) chloride trihydrate, a mixture of n-heptaldehyde and 1-methylhexanal results.
Exchange Reactions of Octadienyl Esters with Active Hydrogen Compounds
union carbide corp. U.S. Patent 3,755,451
3-octa-1,7-dienyl acetate is readily isomerised to 1-octa-2,7-dienyl acetate in the presence of Pd catalysts and a tertiary amine. This same allylic isomerisation occurs with butenyl acetates. Pd acetylacetonate is a suitable catalyst.
Isomerisation of Hexadiene Acids
farbwerke hoechst a.g. German Offen. 2,207,019
Hexadiene acid isomerisation to sorbic acid is catalysed by complexes of Pt-group metals in various valency states, especially Pd(O) and Pd(II) phosphine complexes.
Oxalic Acid or Ester Production
rohm g.m.b.h. German Offen. 2,213,435
A Pt-group metal salt or complex and a salt of a more electropositive metal able to exist in several oxidation states are used to catalyse the reaction of CO and O2 in aqueous or alcoholic medium to give (COOH)2 or its ester with the alcohol present. PdCl2, LiCl and Cu acetate are used in one example.
FUEL CELLS
CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
Catalytic Reactor
institut neftekhimicheskogo sinteza im. a. v. topchieva British Patent 1,340,156
A reactor for producing high purity H2 from hydrocarbons and for other conjugate chemical reactions has a partition wall dividing it into two sections. The wall may be formed of a Pd alloy plate, coiled in a double helix.
Protective Coatings by Electrolysis
international nickel co. inc. U.S. Patent 3,763,002
Protective oxide coatings having the required electrical conductivity, adherence to substrate and heat- and corrosion-resistance are formed by oxidation of Ru in situ on the surface of the article to be protected.
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
Electric Fuse Link
r.c.a. corp. British Patent 1,336,938
A supported fuse has a pair of contacts with a space between bridged by a Ti fuse film preferably as a Ti-Pt sandwich structure.
Electric Flow Heaters
marston excelsior ltd. British Patent 1,339,062
Electric flow heaters for heating liquids preferably have Ti electrodes coated with Ir, Rh, an Ir-Pt alloy, a Rh-Pt alloy or an Ir-Rh-Pt alloy.
Multilayer Capacitors
illinois tool works inc. British Patent 1,340,414
Stacked multilayer ceramic capacitors are produced using screen-printed ceramic layers with electrode layers of Pd paste. Ag-glass frit may be used to provide a fired external connection.
Power Rectifier Connections
r.c.a. corp. British Patent 1,342,645
Ta electrodes are affixed to GaAs semiconductor bodies by coating both electrodes and bodies with Pd and Ag and sintering the coatings before joining the parts.
Alloy Metallising Compositions
e. i. du pont de nemours & co. U.S. Patent 3,756,834
Alloys of three or more metals are used in ceramic capacitor electrodes which have a critical surface area. The specific metals of the alloy are Pd, Pt and Au. The metallising compositions are especially suitable for capacitors on ceramic dielectric substrates which contain Bi2(SnO3)3.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
Hot Region Determination
commissariat a l'energie atomique British Patent 1,334,833
A three-wire measuring element sheathed in Ir is used for locating hot regions and determining their temperature. It is embedded in an insulator which conducts at high temperatures.
Thermally Actuated Devices
philips electronic & associated industries ltd. British Patent 1,336,366
Sensor elements in thermally actuated devices are made from a plastically deformed inter-metallic compound. The compounds listed include Au, Pd and Pt complexes of Ni/Ti, Ti/Co, such as Ni1−xTiPtx where 0<x≤0.5.
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