NEW PATENTS: January 1985
Journal Archive
NEW PATENTS: January 1985
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Electrolysis Electrodes
permelec electrode ltd. British Appl. 2,134,544A
Between the conductive metal substrate and electrode active coating (of a platinum group metal or its oxide) of an electrolytic electrode there is an intermediate layer comprising Pt dispersed in a conductive mixed oxide of at least one of Ti (IV) and Sn (IV) and of at least one of Ta (V) and Nb (V).
Tetrafluoroethylene Electrolytic Production
imperial chemical industries p.l.c. British Appl. 2,135,669A
A Pt cathode and Pt or TiO2/RuO2 anode may be employed in the production of tetrafluoroethylene by the electrolytic reduction of an electrolyte solution containing dichlorodifluoromethane.
Electrolytic Water Sterilisation
hidotronic de colombia s.a. European Appl. 114,364
A water sterilisation unit relying on oxidation and the release of Ag ions, using Pt and Ag electrodes, respectively, is controlled by a cell which detects the flow rate.
Rechargeable Lead-Hydrogen Cell
yardney corp. European Appl. 114,484
A new type of design for these cells uses gas-porous negative electrodes containing Pt and/or Pd catalysts.
Durable Electrolysis Electrode
t.d.k. electronics co. ltd. U.S. Patent 4,443,317
An electrode of improved durability, especially for use in brine electrolysis, consists of a valve metal substrate coated with a mixture of 40−90 mol% Pd oxide, 0.1−20 mol % Pt and 5−50 mol% (RuxTi1−x)O2, where x is 0.05–0.5.
Oxidation Resistant Electrode
diamond shamrock corp. U.S. Patent 4,444,642
Electrodes for use in electrolytic processes consist of a valve metal substrate, such as Ti, and an adherent active outer coating, such as MnO2. In a process for producing electrodes of increased durability by protecting the substrate from corrosion, its surface is treated with a solution of HCl and a platinum group metal chloride and heated to form a mixed valve metal/platinum group metal oxide film, prior to the application of the MnO2 coating.
ELECTRODEPOSITION AND SURFACE COATINGS
Palladium Electroplating Bath
o.m.i. international corp. British Appl. 2,133,041A
A high speed bath for the electrodeposition of ductile Pd metal consists of a Pd amine complex, (NH4)2SO4, ammonium halide, a Group IA metal pyrophosphate and a stress-reduced agent. It may be used to deposit ductile Pd on Cu, Ni, brass, Fe, Au and alloys thereof.
Electroplating Indium on Palladium
institut elektrokhimii uralskogo nauchnogo tsentra akademii nauk ssr British Appl. 2,136,447A
On a Pd substrate there is deposited, by electroplating from a molten salt bath containing In values, a layer which consists of four sublayers, starting from the substrate, (i) a solid solution of In in Pd, (ii) Pd3In, (iii) Pd2In and (iv) β -PdIn. The thickness of layer (iv) constitutes 50−90% of the total thickness of the coating layer.
High Temperature Coatings
g. k. sievers U.S. Patent 4,439,470
High performance alloy parts such as turbine vanes and blades are protected from corrosion, erosion and wear by applying an electrodeposited film of Rh, optionally a second platinum group metal, an Al2O3 slurry and a diffusion pack of Al and Al2O3.
Recoating of Electrodes
diamond shamrock corp. U.S. Patent 4,446,245
Used dimensionally stable electrodes having a Ru oxide or other platinum group metal coating on a valve metal base are cleaned and activated. The old coating is then enriched in platinum group metal by impregnation using a dilute solution, and a fresh catalytic coating is applied.
Superalloy Coating Compositions
howmet turbine components corp. U.S. Patent 4,447,503
Coatings for Fe-, Ni- and Co-base superalloys, having good high temperature oxidation resistance, include Cr, Al, Ta, Mn, optionally W, Si or Hf, up to 5% La, Y or other lanthanide elements, up to 5% of lanthanide and/or refractory metal oxide particles, up to 5% Ti, up to 15% Pt, Rh or Pd and the balance chosen from Ni, Co and Fe.
LABORATORY APPARATUS AND TECHNIQUE
Capacitive Humidity Sensor
vaisali oy. British Patent 2,133,161A
A capacitive humidity sensor has electrode patterns of a chemically resistant metal such as Pt, Pd or Au on a glass substrate and protected by a thin isolator film which may be of Ta oxide or SiO2.
Humidity Sensitive Device
murata manufacturing co. ltd. British Patent 2,135,781A
A humidity sensitive film in a humidity sensitive device includes a conductive powder such as Pd, and is formed over interdigitated Au electrodes on an insulating substrate.
Carbon Monoxide Sensing Element
nohmi bosai kogyo co. ltd. European Appl. 114,310
An element able to detect CO more quickly and at lower concentrations is made by mixing stannic oxide, Sb oxychloride and Pt in ratios such that Sb : Sn = 2−8 and Pt: Sn = 2−10 and then calcining the mixture at 600−850°C.
Thermal Air Flow Meter
hitachi ltd. European Appl. 116,144
A meter consists of a hollow cylindrical support made of an insulating material, a heat sensitive resistor (thin Pt wire) and lead wires bonded together by a fired glass layer. This meter measures the flow rate from changes in the resistance with temperature.
Gas Sensor Construction
hitachi ltd. U.S. Patent 4,441,981
The gas sensor is used for detecting CO, propane, town gas or H2, and unlike known sensors it has electrodes made of the same material. One electrode is coated with an oxidising catalyst and the other is exposed directly to the gas. In the examples Pt electrodes are deposited on a zirconia-yttria solid electrolyte, and the catalyst layer consists of Pt/Al2O3.
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS
Catalytic Heating Apparatus
ross james heaters ltd. British Appl. 2,133,522A
A catalyst in a forced-draught space-heating apparatus, suitable for vehicles, boats or caravans, is preferably a Pt-based salt deposited on a corrugated, spirally wound stainless steel support.
Power Storage Battery
south african inventions development corp. British Appl. 2,134,698A
In a power storage battery at least one heat pipe is provided with a catalytic converter for the flameless catalytic combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. The catalytic converter preferably contains Pt or Pd in the pores of a porous ceramic substrate.
Ruthenium Catalysts
british petroleum co. p.l.c. British Appl. 2,136,704A
Catalysts, which may be used for NH3 production, are prepared by impregnating a C support with a halogen-containing compound of Ru, reducing this compound to Ru metal with H2, and then depositing an alkali metal and a Ba compound.
Hydrocarbon Hydrodesulphurisation Catalyst
shell internationale research mij. b.v. European Appl. 116,383
Hydrocarbon oil fractions are desulphurised by contact with H in the presence of a catalyst containing Pt whiskers. The whiskers may be formed by burning off C deposited on a Pt wire cloth surface.
Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis
air products & chemicals inc. European Appl. 117,306
Pd/C catalysts for peroxide production from H2 and O2 are improved by using a non-graphic C support having a surface area greater than 400 m2/g and by hydrogenating the Pd after impregnation.
Methyl Methacrylate Production
basf a.g. European Appl. 117,496
Carboxylic esters are produced from aldehydes and alcohols in the presence of O2 and an active Pd-Pb mixture deposited on a support consisting of Zn oxide. Pd is deposited from a Pd salt.
Catalyst for an External Combustion Engine
u.s. secretary of commerce European Appl. 118,430
Catalytic materials suitable for use in an external combustion engine (to act as both a flameless heat source and heat transfer medium) preferably consist of Pt-Rh alloys and the like applied as a coating to the engine head.
Conversion Catalyst Regeneration
standard oil co. (indiana)
U.S. Patent 4,435,282
A coke-containing fluid cracking catalyst, particularly of the molecular sieve type, is regenerated by heating it in an O-containing gas in the presence of finely divided particles of a platinum group metal or Re catalyst, preferably Pt itself.
Catalyst Reactivation
standard oil co. (indiana)
U.S. Patent 4,435,311
A catalyst consisting of AMS-IB crystalline borosilicate molecular sieve supporting a platinum group metal, especially Pt, is reactivated by treatment with water vapour.
Fibre Packs for Ammonia Oxidation (Process)
johnson matthey & co. ltd. U.S. Patent 4,435,373
In a process for the production of HNO3 by the oxidation of NH3, a gas stream containing NH3 and O2 is passed over a catalyst assembly. This catalyst assembly includes an agglomeration or assemblage of randomly oriented melt-spun fibres fabricated by melt extracting or melt spinning a platinum group metal or an alloy containing at least one platinum group metal. The agglomeration of fibres may be sandwiched between layers of a platinum group metal gauze.
Alcohols and Esters from Synthesis Gas
texaco inc. U.S. Patent 4,436,838
Alcohols and esters are produced from a mixture of CO and H2 at 500 psig or greater, and 150°C or above in the presence, as catalyst, of one or more compounds, a compound of Zr, Ti, V or Cr and a quaternary phosphonium salt in the presence of an inert oxygenated solvent.
Indole Preparation
mitsui toatsu chemicals inc. U.S. Patents 4,436,916/17
Indoles are prepared from anilines and glycols using as catalyst at least one metallic oxide, such as SiO2-Y2O3, SiO2-La2O3, SiO2-Ce2O3 and SiO2-ZnO-AgO; a sulphide or selenide of at least one of Pd, Pt and Mo; a chloride, nitrate, sulphate or phosphate of certain metals, including Y; at least one of Ir, Os and Ru, or metallic SiO2 supported on an Al2O3 or other carrier.
Propylene and n-Butylene Dimerisation
shell oil co. U.S. Patent 4,436,946
A heterogenous Pd cyanide catalyst, optionally supported on Pt cyanide, is used in the selective dimerisation of propylene, 1-butene and/or 2-butene.
Automobile Exhaust Catalyst
regie nationale des usines renault U.S. Patent 4,437,926
In a catalytic converter for an I.C. engine the active material is an alloy of 40−80% Fe, up to 40% Ni, up to 40% Cr, 0.02−0.1% C, 0.05−2% platinum group metal(s) (preferably a combination of 0.2% Pt, 0.15% Ru and 0.05% Rh) optionally activated or stabilised with up to 3% Ce, Cu, Mo, Ti, La, Ca, Y, Al, W and/or Mn which has been subjected to intergranular corrosion with an acid.
Platinum Group Metal Catalysts
mobil oil corp. U.S. Patent 4,444,909
Catalysts for the conversion of synthesis gas to 1−10C hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones consist of a ZSM zeolite and Pt, Pd, Ir or Rh.
Selective Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Reduction
uop inc. U.S. Patent 4,446,073
Unsaturated acids may be reduced to esters or alcohols retaining the unsaturation in the presence of a supported mixture of 1−10% Cd and 0.1−2% Ru optionally containing 0.01−2.5% platinum group metal. Typically Pt or Pd is used in a catalyst for the reduction of oleic, crotonic or erucic acid.
Iridium-Containing Catalyst Reactivation
exxon research & engineering co. U.S. Patent 4,447,551
Ir-containing catalysts containing agglomerated metallic Ir and/or Ir oxides can be efficiently redispersed and reactivated by the use of a halide pretreatment prior to a halogen redispersion step, both steps following decoking and reduction of the Ir oxides if present. The agglomerated catalyst may further contain a Pt, Rh, Re and/or Pd co-catalyst.
Ultrasonically Promoted Hydrosilations
north dakota state university U.S. Patent 4,447,633
Ultrasonically promoted hydrosilation of non-aromatic C to C π bonds is achieved using a platinum metal catalyst.
I.C. Engine Exhaust Gas Treatment
ford motor co. U.S. Patent 4,448,756
Finely divided Pd and a Pt-Rh three way catalyst are included in the catalyst system used in a process for treatment of exhaust gases from an I.C. engine.
Olefin Oxidation Catalysts
phillips petroleum co. U.S. Patent 4,448,892
A composition useful for the Wacker catalytic oxidation of olefins to carbonyl compounds contains one or more suitable Pd components, one or more suitable heteropolyacid or Cu components, one or more surfactants as defined and at least one fluorocarbon compound.
Catalytic Converter
degussa a.g. U.S. Patent 4,450,244
A catalyst for the oxidation of exhaust gases from an I.C. engine fuelled by alcohol consists of a package of alternating flat and corrugated steel sheets, coated with Al2O3 and impregnated with Pd.
Gas Purification Catalyst
m. o. osmanov Russian Patent 1,088,768
In a process for oxidising CO in gas streams also containing SO2 over a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst, the working temperature is reduced if the catalyst consists of 0.00014−0.00086 mol Pt, 0.05−0.25 mol each of Co oxide, Cu oxide, Ce oxide and Al2O3 to make 1 mol.
HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS
Paper Making Polymers Production
w. r. grace & co. British Appls. 2,136,816/17A
In the production of polymers having a substantially completely saturated polymeric backbone chain with pendant alkylene amine groups, polymers such as polybutadiene, containing an olefinic bond are aminomethylated in the presence of a Group VIII metal compound as catalyst, preferably a compound of Rh, Ru or Ir. These polymers may be used as retention and drainage aids or wet strength additives in paper making.
Isocyanate Preparation
indian explosives ltd. and chemicals and fibres of india ltd. European Appl. 115,660
Isocyanates are produced by the reaction of nitrobenzene or dinitrotoluene with CO in the presence of an Fe, Ru, Rh or Pt carbonyl. Thus nitrobenzene reacts under a 100 psi pressure of CO in the presence of triruthenium dodecacarbonyl to give phenyl isocyanate.
FUEL CELLS
Ternary Fuel Cell Catalysts
united technologies corp. British Appl. 2,133,420A
A ternary metal alloy catalyst comprising Pt, Cr and Co dispersed on an electrically conductive C black has a catalytic activity for the electrochemical reduction of O of at least 2.5 times that of unalloyed Pt on the same C black. Preferably the alloy contains 6−12% Cr, 8−14% Co and the balance Pt.
Fuel Cell Electrode
hitachi ltd. U.S. Patent 4,446,210
Fine cracking in the catalyst layer baked on an electrode from a paste is reduced by forming the paste from a mixture of submicron particles, and materials 103−1010 times larger, both materials being electroconductive. The particles may be platinum metal and/or C particles.
CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
Metal Powders
university of paris European Appl. 113,281
Metal powders are obtained by heating a suspension of a corresponding oxide, hydroxide or salt in a liquid polyol such as ethylene glycol at a temperature above 85°C. The metals which can be so obtained are Pt, Pd, Ir, Os, Au, Cu, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni and Ag.
Heavy Metal Ion in an Absorbing Agent
t. a. litovitz European Appl. 118,493
Radioactive I is removed from waste streams by passage over porous silicate glass, silica gel or charcoal carrying a heavy metal ion able to bond the I (or another anion). The metal may be Pt, Pd, Pb, Cu, Tl or Ag.
Biodispersions
diamond shamrock corp. U.S. Patent 4,448,886
High dispersion metal crystallites dispersed in a carbonaceous material matrix are produced by growing living microbes in a growth medium containing dissolved metal which is incorporated by the microbes, harvesting the microbes containing the metal and pyrolysing the harvested microbes in an inert or reducing atmosphere. The metal may be Pt, Rh, Ru, Au or Ag.
GLASS TECHNOLOGY
Glass Fibre Spinneret Production
owens-corning fiberglas corp. U.S. Patent 4,447,248
An orificed discharge wall for supplying streams of molten glass is made by inserting orificed elements of Pt, Pd, Ir, Os, Rh, Ru or their base alloys in a laminate member of a layer of refractory metal such as Ti, V, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Re or their base alloys, and a layer of Pt, Pd, Ir, Os, Rh, Ru or their base alloys. Isostatic pressure and heat are used to seal the elements in the member.
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
Cathode Ray Tube
r.c.a. corp. British Appl. 2,136,631 A
A cathode ray tube includes metallised glass beads each coated with Hanovia Liquid Bright Platinum No. 5 by painting, screening, spraying or print transfer, and then curing at 500°C to give a Pt-Au alloy coating.
Zinc-Bromine Battery
exxon research & engineering co. European Appl. 113,159
Ru is used to catalyse the recombination of any liberated H2 with bromide ions in a Zn-Br battery.
Ohmic and/or Barrier Contacts on Semiconductors
i.b.m. deutschland g.m.b.h. European Appl. 115,550
Ohmic and/or Schottky barrier layers are produced on a semiconductor by applying a fresh layer of Si in a high vacuum, applying a layer of Pt, Pd, Rh, Zr, Hf or Ni, sintering to form a metal silicide and finally applying a layer of Al, Ta, Ti, W or Ti-W.
Stain Resistant Ruthenium Oxide Resistors
e. i. du pont de nemours & co. European Appl. 115,798
Thick film resistors are mainly based on Ru oxide but high Ru contents are associated with staining by a dark black residue. This is now avoided by introducing an O-containing non-alkali metal compound which is stable at up to 150°C, such as noble metal oxides, chromates, Ag oxide, Ba nitrate, etc.
Solar Cell
telefunken electronic g.m.b.h. European Appl. 118,797
A solar cell exposed to radiation on both sides has a semiconductor body with Ti-Pd-Ag conductors.
Magnetic Recording Media
international business machines corp. U.S. Patent 4,438,066
Magnetic recording media of high coercivity and saturation magnetisation are alloys Co1−xPtx where x is 10−30 at%.
Platinum Coated Silver Powder
g.t.e. products corp. U.S. Patent 4,439,468
A procedure is provided for coating finely divided Ag powder (90−99.5% of the final product) with an even layer of Pt, for use in conductive pastes.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
MEDICAL USES
Radiodiagnostic Agents
byk-mallinckrodt cil b.v. European Appl. 113,135
Specified radio-labelled metallocene derivatives are useful radiodiagnostic agents, especially for examining the kidneys. The central metal atom is preferably Ru, Os, Fe, Cr, V or Co.
New Anti-Tumour Platinum Complexes
inco research & development center inc. European Appl. 113,508
New hydrophobic anti-tumour materials which can be incorporated into phospholipid vesicles are complexes of Pt with a phosphatidic acid, amine or diamine.
Electrical Energy Transfer with Living Tissue
biosonics inc. European Appl. 114,511
Electrical energy may be transferred to and from living tissue using a thin elastomeric glove in which the fingers are provided with Pt electrodes connected to a supply or a load.
Dental Filling Material
espe fabrik pharmazeutischer praparate g.m.b.h. European Appl. 115,058
A durable dental filling material is a mixture of a curable resin solution and a powdered sintered mixture of a Ca-Al fluorosilicate glass, Pd, Pt, Ag, Au or alloy thereof and, optionally, a polycarboxylic acid and/or a chelating agent.
Platinum Complexes for Cancer Treatment
tanabe seiyaku co. ltd. European Appl. 115,929
Complexes LPtXX′ are useful in the treatment of cancers. L is a 2-aminomethylpyridine and X, X′ are each halogen, NO3 or carboxylate, or XX′ is sulphate or phosphate.
Medicinal Bipolar Electrode
siemens a.g. European Appl. 116,280
A bipolar electrode particularly suitable for heart pacemakers is improved by a surface layer (in the active area) which has a high double layer capacity. This layer consists of a refractory metal carbide, nitride or carbonitride applied to a Pt, Ti or other body.
Anti-Tumour Complexes
degussa a.g. European Appl. 116,955
New materials for cancer treatment are the complexes LPtX2. L is an optionally substituted 1,2-diphenyl ethylene-diamine and X2 is an anion(s) such as Cl, Br, phosphate, sulphate or maleate.
Blood Lymphocyte Separation
technicon instruments corp. European Appl. 119,692
Lymphocytes are separated from whole blood by centrifuging through a barrier made of Pt, Fe, Au or Ag particles (or particles of their alloys) in a hydro-philic material.
Antivirus Complexes
research corp. U.S. Patent 4,440,782
New Pt complexes are intended for treating viral infections (for example in fowls). The general description refers to diamine (such as ethylene diamine) and carboxylate (such as malonate) ligands but all of the examples use Pt(NH3)2Cl2 or Pt(NH3)2(H2O)2.