NEW PATENTS: October 1987
Journal Archive
NEW PATENTS: October 1987
METALS AND ALLOYS
Metal Powder Production
occidental res. corp. U.S. Patent 4,655,825
Metal and alloy powders and particulates, especially of Rh, Pt, Pd, Ag, Au and others, are produced by distilling Zn from an alloy of Zn with the required metal(s). The powders can be produced in very pure form and need no further size reduction.
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
Palladium Complexes
ciba geigy a.g. European Appl. 214,097A
A mixture containing one or more dibenzalacetone-Pd complexes and one or more olefinic compounds is useful for electroless metallisation of mouldings, self-supporting films, hardened products.
Stable Organopolysiloxane Compositions
general electric co. U.S. Patent 4,645,815
Compositions containing a cyclic Pt phosphite complex catalyst, an olefinically unsaturated organopolysiloxane and an organo hydrogen polysiloxane, provide inhibitor-free, one-package compositions with superior shelf life.
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Photo-Electrolysis Apparatus
r. gordon U.S. Patent 4,650,554
A photo-electrolysis apparatus has a conductive porous barrier layer sandwiched between photovoltaic and catalyst layers. The apparatus is used for solar production of H2 and O2 from water, and has a layer of Ru oxide for O2 evolution, and a transparent catalyst coating of Pt, Pd, Ir, Os, Rh, Ru or their alloys for H2 evolution.
Platinum Cathode for Electrolysis
mitsubishi heavy ind. k.k. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/7,887
A cathode consists of a Pt layer ion plated onto the surface of a cleaned Ni or Ni alloy substrate. It is suitable for use in the electrolysis of sea water.
Ruthenium Complex Film for Water Photolysis
rikagaku kenkyusho Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/56,588
The surface of a visible range n-type semiconductor electrode is modified by coating with a complex polymer film containing tris(2, 2′-bipyridine)Ru(II) complex, or a Group VIII metal or its oxide. Simple photolysis of water to O2 and H2 is possible by visible irradiation of the electrode, in electrolytic solution.
ELECTRODEPOSITION AND SURFACE COATINGS
Aluminium Coated Carbon Fibres
nippon oil k.k. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/4,845
Pd complex compounds are deposited on the surface of C-fibres, which deposit metallic Pd on heating, these are then covered with Al metal by contact with organic Al compounds, during or after heat treatment. A C-fibre reinforced Al composite is obtained having good adherence, high strength, and without producing Al carbide.
Platinum-Containing Polishing Agent
shinetsu chem. ind. k.k. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/10,178
A new solid silicone type polishing agent consists of an organosiloxane composition containing Pt or Pt compounds, a liquid diorganosiloxane, and an organic solvent. It is used for car polish; providing a transparent coated film with good glaze, water repellency and dirt repellency.
LABORATORY APPARATUS AND TECHNIQUE
Platinum Sensing Elements
hitachi k.k. European Appl. 218,232A
An exothermic resistor has a coiled Pt wire, coated with an inorganic glass material. Two such resistive sensing elements are included in a device located in an engine intake air by-pass duct, for air flow velocity and temperature measurements.
Electrochemical Sensor with Rhodium Cathode
beckman ind. corp. World Patent Appl. 87/2,461A
An electrochemical sensor for a fluid sample has a cathode formed of a Rh disc fused in a glass sheath, an anode, and a selective membrane. The cathode has high resistance to thermal shock and an extended life.
Gas Sensor
nippon pionix k.k. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/22,062
A gas sensor is composed of a mixture of a Pd salt and a cupric salt of an inorganic or organic acid, usually impregnated into a support. The gas sensor has excellent sensitivity to harmful gases.
Alkaloid Analysis
shimadzu seisakusho k.k. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/25,261
A heated metal solid composed of Pt, Ir, Re or Mo, their oxides, or a mixture of these, is contacted with separated alkaloid gases, and the ionisation current of the decomposed gases is measured. Stable, quick and accurate analysis can be achieved.
Protein or Nucleic Acid Detection
konishiroku photo k.k. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/35,262
Metal staining with Pt, Pd, Ir, Ag or Au is used to dye protein or nucleic acids in a carrier, after separation by electrophoresis. The resulting metal nuclei are treated with an intensifier and a dye-forming compound. In this way, proteins or nucleic acids are detected with high sensitivity by adding the simple operation of dye formation to metal staining.
Gas Detecting Element
nohmi bosai kogyo k.k. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/67,437
A gas detecting element consists of a Pt and Pd catalyst, a metal oxide semiconductor mainly consisting of stannic oxide, an Sb compound as stabiliser, and a means of heating the semiconductor. The element selectively detects gas such as silane with high response speed, exhibits high S/N ratio, and can detect low gas concentrations.
Extensometer Strip with Platinum Alloy Layer
degussa a.g. German Offen. 3,532,328
An extensometer strip has a resistance layer of a binary Pt alloy containing Ir or Ru, on an electrically insulating carrier. It is used for measuring mechanical deformation by changes in electrical resistance of the alloy layer. An advantage is that the resistance layer contains no Pd.
Pressure-Force Measurement Sensor
degussa a.g. German Offen. 3,532,333
An electrical sensor has a circular elastic membrane with a circular array of extensometer strips, preferably made of a Pt-Ru alloy or a binary Ir alloy containing Pt, Ru, Re, Mo, W or Cr. The sensor is used for pressure and force measurement, and has extremely low temperature sensitivity without needing separate temperature sensors.
Ionic Activity Measuring Device
university patents inc. Canadian Patent 1,219,632
A device for measuring ionic activity especially H ion concentration, has an electrode of an amorphous oxide of a platinum or rhenium group metal, preferably sputtered Ir oxide, and a means for measuring the potential developed in use. The electrode has excellent stability, low impedance, good response and may be very small.
Heated Platinum Filament for Polymer Molecular Weight Determinations
o.v. sigov Russian Patent 1,242,799
Testing the characteristics of liquid media involves using an electrically heated Pt filament and measuring the imbalance of a measuring bridge containing sample and comparison cells. Using this method, quicker thermophysical determination of polymer mean molecular mass is achieved.
Measuring Organic Impurities in Water
electrochem. inst. Russian Patent 1,250,928
A dynamic potential method for the determination of organic impurities in water involves using an electrochemical cell containing a sensing Pt electrode fed with square and sawtooth pulses of controlled duration. The method lowers the detection limit to 0.05 mg/l which is less than other known methods.
JOINING
Brazing Alloy for Abrasive Tool
general electric co. European Appl. 213,300A
An alloy of Pd, Cr, B and Ni is used for brazing an abrasive compact support to a substrate. The brazed bond has high strength, heat resistance, reliability and reproducibility. The implement is used as a drilling or cutting tool, for oil exploration.
Effective Bonding to Platinum Metals
nippon abionics k.k. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/22,878
A metal workpiece of Pt, Pd, Rh, Os, Au, Ag or other metals can be bonded to another metal or non-metal workpiece by base metal electrodeposition on the metal body, expelling H2 from the deposited layer, and coating both workpieces with an adhesive. This is especially effective for Pd, and degradation of the adhesive is eliminated.
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS
Ruthenium Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts
british petroleum p.l.c. British Appl. 2,178,334A
Fischer-Tropsch catalyst precursors are prepared by impregnating CeO2 with a non aqueous solution of a thermally decomposable Ru compound (other than a carbonyl). After reductive activation, the catalysts, optionally in combination with a zeolite, have high selectivity for production of gasoline range hydrocarbons from synthesis gas, especially at a temperature of 250−350°C and a pressure of 10–50 bar.
Selective Diolefin Hydrogenation Catalyst
phillips petroleum co. European Appl. 211,381A
A supported catalyst containing a Group VIII metal, such as Pt, and Pb, Sn and/or Ge, is used for the selective hydrogenation of diolefin impurities in a hydrocarbon stream containing other unsaturated hydrocarbons, which are left unchanged.
Alkane Dehydrogenation Catalyst
british petroleum p.l.c. European Appl. 212,850A
The catalyst preferably contains Pt, Ru, Ir, Rh or Pd on a silicalite support, and is especially useful for dehydrogenation of 3−6C paraffins to the corresponding olefins. The catalyst has high activity and selectivity for dehydrogenation, and improved stability.
Noble Metal Absorbent for SO2 Removal
inst. francais du petrole European Appl. 215,709A
SO2 is removed from gases by contact with an Al2O3 based absorbent, containing one or more Group VIII noble metals, preferably Pt and/or Pd, and MgO, in the presence of O2. The absorbent is then contacted with an H2S containing gas. Group VIII noble metals catalyse SO2 fixation by conversion of MgSO4, and reduction of MgSO4 to MgO by H2S.
Hydrogen Production from Methanol
johnson matthey p.l.c. European Appl. 217,532A
A reactor having a downstream supported catalyst of Cu with Pt and/or Pd, and an upstream catalyst of supported Cu, is used for H2 production by catalytic oxidation of CH3OH with O2. After initiation, oxidation moves away from the Cu-Pt-Pd catalyst zone which minimises catalyst loss and CO formation. The Pt-Pd catalyst converts unreacted O2 to H2O.
Hydride Storage Powder
max planck ges. wissensch. World Patent Appl. 87/2,022A
A hydride storage powder contains a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation catalyst powder, preferably a platinum group metal but especially Pd and/or its oxides. The catalyst is in the form of a coated substrate, preferably Pd, Pd/Al2O3 and/or Pd-coated Cu. The powder is used for H2 storage, is easily produced, and is not contaminated/deactivated by air.
Palladium, Platinum Catalyst Activation
nat. aero & space admin. U.S. Patent Appl. 06/874,320
Pd and/or Pt on SnO2 catalysts for recombining CO and O2 in a closed-cycle, high-energy pulsed laser, can be activated simply and quickly by exposing to a reducing gas in an inert carrier, at a temperature above the operating temperature, followed by inert carrier alone, and cooling. Reactivation only requires the heating stage.
Ruthenium Catalyst Pretreatment
exxon res. & eng. co. U.S. Patent 4,647,592
A Ru/TiO2 catalyst useful for the production of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas is pretreated with a mixture of steam/carrier gas or steam/H2 at about 200−550°C to produce larger Ru agglomerates. The increase in Ru particle size moderates the catalytic activity and reduces the CH4 selectivity, in a much shorter time than previously.
Lead-Tolerant Catalyst for Exhaust Gas Purification
allied corp. U.S. Patent 4,650,782
A Pb-tolerant catalytic composite comprises one of Ir, Rh, Pd, Ag, Au or especially Pt deposited on an inorganic refractory oxide support, with a protective coating of TiO2 to enhance the Pb tolerance. It is used for treating automobile and other Pb-containing exhaust gases and can be used in the presence of SO2.
Palladium Packaging Material
toray ind. inc. Japanese Publ. Appl. 61/293,846
A packaging material consists of a base, a thin layer of catalytic Pd formed on it by vacuum deposition, and a layer of a gas-selective permeable substance. It can prevent modification of packaged articles, and is useful for foodstuffs, drugs, electric contacts and precision or measuring devices. A gas(H) capable of reacting with an ambient harmful gas (O) is sealed in the packaging, and when H and O reach the Pd they react to form H2O.
Ruthenium Catalyst for Hydrocarbon Production
kaihatsu gijutsu k.k. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/1,783
A catalyst composition containing Ru, Mn oxide, an alkali metal, S, and a crystalline zeolite is used for hydrocarbon production from a mixture of CO and H2. A hydrocarbon usable as gasoline is produced in one stage from the synthesis gas, with high selectivity.
Tertiary Amine Production
kao corp. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/10,047
A Pd or Pt catalyst supported on Al2O3 or SiO2-Al2O3 is used in the preparation of tertiary amines, by reacting primary or secondary amines with formaldehyde and H2. High purity tertiary amines are obtained in high yield, and the catalyst can be easily recovered and used repeatedly.
Catalyst for Fluorobenzene Production
asahi chemical ind. k.k. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/19,541
Fluorobenzene can be prepared in higher yield than by any other process by dehydration of 1-fluorocyclohexene over a supported platinum group metal catalyst, especially Pd, Pt or Ru. The reaction can be carried out in the vapour or liquid phase.
Osmium Catalyst for Oxalic Acid Preparation
idemitsu kosan k.k. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/56,450
Oxalic acid is prepared by oxidation of propylene with O2 over a supported OsO4 or OsO4-Cu halide catalyst. High yield and selectivity are obtained in a single step reaction, with the Cu halide-containing catalyst giving superior results.
Exhaust Catalyst with Separate Platinum Group Metal Layers
toyota jidosha k.k. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/57,651
A monolith catalyst with high activity for exhaust gas purification has three catalytic Al2O3 layers: a lower layer of Pd with Nd or Sm, a middle layer of Rh with La, Y or Sc, and a top layer containing Pt and Ce. Separation of the platinum metals prevents alloy formation, thus catalyst deterioration is avoided.
Absorbent for Waste Water Components
mitsubishi chem. ind. k.k. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/79,289
Sulphides of Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt, Au, Ag or other compounds, are supported on a spherical or granular carbonaceous mesophase material prepared from coal tar pitch, naphtha tar pitch or resin. The product is used to absorb trace amounts of radioactive constituents in waste water, such as I, and as a catalyst for various reactions.
NOx Removal from Flue Gas
kraftwerk union a.g. German Offen. 3,534,845
A catalyst having one or more of Pt, Rh, CuO, CoO or V2O5 supported on SiO2, Al2O3 and/or TiO2, is used for reduction of NOx in the flue gas stream of a steam generator fed with fossil fuel. Reaction is characterised by use of CO and/or H2 as the reducing gas. The process is useful in power stations because the CO and H2 can be produced on site.
Catalysts for Phenol Hydrogenation
bayer a.g. German Offen. 3,538,129
Supported Pd catalysts useful in the hydrogenation of phenols to cyclohexanols are prepared from an inert support material, a Pd salt solution, and a base, in such a way that the base is retained after reduction. The catalysts have high long-term stability.
Carboxylic Acid Ester Preparation
british petroleum p.l.c. Australian Appl. 86/62,013
A Pd-Cu catalyst is used in the preparation of carboxylic acid esters, by reaction of an olefinic hydrocarbon with a formate ester and a CO/O2 mixture, in the presence of H2O and H+. This catalyst together with a source of aqueous acid allows the use of much milder conditions, without the corrosion and separation problems of halide promoters.
HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS
Catalyst for Diester Preparation
shell int. res. mij. b.v. European Appl. 212,729A
A noble metal catalyst, preferably Pd or a Pd compound, is combined with a cupric salt and used for the reaction of a dihydrocarbyl peroxide, CO and optionally an alpha-ethylenically unsaturated compound. This method of preparation of diesters of alkanedioic acids can be a batch, semi-continuous or continuous process.
Rhodium Hydroformylation Catalyst
ruhrchemie a.g. European Appl. 216,315A
Aldehydes are produced by the reaction of olefins with CO and H2 in the presence of a catalyst containing Rh and the amine salt of a sulphonated or carboxylated triarylphosphine. Hydroformylation of the olefin occurs in high yield, and the method allows separation of the catalyst for recycling.
Carbonate Ester Preparation
british petroleum p.l.c. European Appl. 220,863A
A catalyst containing a platinum group metal and a Cu compound is used in the preparation of a carbonate ester from an alcohol and CO, in the presence of a dihydrocarbyl peroxide. The ester is obtained in high yield under mild conditions.
Rhodium Dimerisation Catalyst
shell oil co. U.S. Patent 5,638,084
A dimerisation catalyst is prepared by reacting chlorobis(ethylene)Rh(I) dimer with Ag tetrafluoroborate in the presence of an olefin. It is used for the dimerisation of alkyl acrylates or methacrylate, and the catalyst produces unbranched dimers with high selectivity.
Self Emulsifying Silicon Composition
shinetsu chem. ind. k.k. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/7,438
The composition consists of a Pt catalyst, methyl hydrodiene polysiloxane, an oxyalkylene compound, an unsaturated hydrocarbon having a vinyl group, and an antifoaming agent. This self-emulsifying Si composition has improved high temperature and mechanical stability.
Palladium Catalyst for Cyclic Ketone Production
agency of ind. sci. tech. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/26,244
Cyclic ketones are prepared in the liquid phase from cyclic olefins by oxidation with molecular O2 in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a Pd compound and an organic base. Cyclic ketones can be simply prepared in high yields with high selectivity.
New Preparation of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids
asahi chemical ind. k.k. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/53,955
A catalyst having at least one platinum metal (preferably Pd and/or Rh) and at least one of Br or I, is used in the preparation of aromatic alkoxycarbamoyl carboxylic acids. This new preparation is simple, gives high yield and selectivity by reaction of aromatic amino carboxylic acids with alcohol and CO, and does not use phosgene.
CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
Platinum Wires for Crystal Manufacture
akad. wissenschaft d.d.r. East German Patent 240,821
Two platinum wires are tensioned slightly above the surface of a melt, and are used to form profiled crystals – specially rectangular crystal bands – from the liquid phase. This method creates a continuous process over a long period, at reduced cost.
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
Optical Fibre Fracture
telephone cables ltd. British Appl. 2,179,341A
A hot Pt or Ir metal wire, heated to >1000°C is used to sever optical fibres and strip off plastic coatings from optical fibre ribbon. The advantage of this method is that fibres are severed cleanly in the same transverse plane, to enable coupling to a second ribbon.
Optical Fibre Protection
cavi pirelli s.p.a. European Appl. 217,066A
An optical fibre telecommunication cable consists of at least one optical fibre embedded in a mixture of a Pd or Pt catalyst and Mo trioxide, enclosed by a sheath. The mixture protects the fibre from degradation by H2 over its useful life.
Resistive Material for Semiconductor Chip Housing
mo valve co. ltd. World Patent Appl. 87/1,240A
Ru oxide may be used to coat the inner lid surface of a sealed housing for a semiconductor chip. It forms a layer of resistive material having a permittivity similar to that of free space, and prevents performance being disturbed by reflection of microwave energy from the housing lid.
Electrochromic Display Element
alps electric k.k. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/30,184
Ag and/or Ru or Os may be contained in a polynuclear transition metal cyanide used to prepare an electrochromic substance, which is coated on the display electrode of an electrochromic display element. The technique enables a better variety of colours to be displayed, and an element with a rapid response is obtained.
Gel Composition for Optical Joint
toshiba silicone k.k. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/39,660
A Pt, Pd or Rh catalyst with a polyorganosiloxane and a siloxane, forms a gel composition which has excellent adhesion, and does not discolour or change at high temperature. It is used for electric or electronic parts, especially for optical coupling pads, which need optical transparency, and in the manufacture of human body models.
Conductive Organic Material
toray ind. inc. Japanese Publ. Appl. 62/58,508
A conductive organic material contains conductive inorganic particles preferably of Pt, Pd, Au, Ag or others, physically or chemically adsorbed on the surface of spherical particles made from an organic polymer. The material is reliable, and is used for making conductive paste, conductive adhesives and pressure sensitive rubber.
Platinum or Rhodium Layer for Gas Turbine Blades
bbc a.g. brown boveri cie Swiss Patent 660,200
An intermediate layer of Pt or Rh acts as a diffusion barrier between an Fe, Co or Ni superalloy base and its corrosion protection layer. Interdiffusion and building of brittle phases between the body and the corrosion protection layer are prevented, thereby avoiding flaking. This is useful for turbine blades.
MEDICAL USES
Catalyst for Eye Surgery Material
mosc. eye microsurge British Appl. 2,179,667A
A catalyst based on compounds of platinum group metals is used in the vulcanisation of a mixture of siloxane derivatives. The final cured composition is an elastic material of low density, good mechanical and high optical properties, and is biologically inert. It is especially used in eye surgery as part of, or in support of, prosthetic crystalline lenses or lenticuli.
New Complexes for Imaging
harvard college European Appl. 213,945A
New co-ordination complexes consist of lower alkyl isonitrile ligands and a radioactive isotope of Ru, Pt, Re or others. The complexes are useful in imaging of body tissues, giving high liver and lung clearance, and high contrast.
Anti-Tumour Platinum Compounds
johnson matthey p.l.c. European Appl. 222,522A
New anti-tumour Pt complex compounds are claimed with amino containing dioxolane groups, useful for treating cancer in humans and animals. An intermediate based on an isopropylidene threitol compound is also new.
Biomedical Iridium Isotope Generator
u.s. dept. of energy U.S. Patent Appl. 06/769,519
An Os-191/Ir-191m isotope generator comprises an activated C adsorbent loaded with a compound containing Os-191, preferably K hexachloro-osmate(IV). Physiologically compatible saline is used to elute Ir-191m. The generator has good yield of Ir-191m, low breakthrough of Os-191 and is used for biomedical applications.
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