ABSTRACTS: October 2009
Journal Archive
doi: 10.1595/147106709X475324
ABSTRACTS: October 2009
CATALYSIS – APPLIED AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Catalytically Active, Magnetically Separable, and Water-Soluble FePt Nanoparticles Modified with Cyclodextrin for Aqueous Hydrogenation Reactions
K. MORI, N. YOSHIOKA, Y. KONDO, T. TAKEUCHI and H. YAMASHITA, Green Chem., 2009, 11, (9), 1337–1342
LINK http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b905331j
Thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)5, followed by reduction of Pt(acac)2 in the presence of oleic acid and oleylamine, gave FePt nanoparticles (1) with Fe-rich cores and Pt-rich shells. (1) were subsequently treated with γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD). FePt-γ-CD (2) exhibited superparamagnetic behaviour at 300 K. (2) was used for aqueous hydrogenation reactions, with easy recovery of (2) by applying an external magnet.
Catalytic Inactivation of Bacteria Using Pd-Modified Titania
L. R. QUISENBERRY, L. H. LOETSCHER and J. E. BOYD, Catal. Commun., 2009, 10, (10), 1417–1422
LINK http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2009.03.013
For the photocatalytic sterilisation of Escherichia coli in H2O, Pd/TiO2 was faster than Pt/TiO2. Pd/TiO2 was also active in the absence of light. Pd/TiO2 temporarily lost bactericidal activity after use, but was reactivated in air. It is proposed that the Pd metal on the surface of Pd/TiO2 is reduced in solution during the reaction, and must be reoxidised to regain activity. The reduction may initiate the bactericidal activity.
CATALYSIS – REACTIONS
Iridium Catalysed Alkylation of 4-Hydroxy Coumarin, 4-Hydroxy-2-quinolones and Quinolin-4(1H)-one with Alcohols under Solvent Free Thermal Conditions
R. GRIGG, S. WHITNEY, V. SRIDHARAN, A. KEEP and A. DERRICK, Tetrahedron, 2009, 65, (36), 7468–7473
LINK http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2009.07.027
Ir-catalysed alkylation of the title compounds with substituted benzyl and aliphatic alcohols under solvent-free heating gave the monoalkylated products in high to excellent yield. 3,3′-Bis (heterocyclyl) methane products can arise via a Michael addition pathway. The alkylation of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinoline with BzOH, KOH and the Ir chloro-bridged [Cp*IrCl2]2 dimer was carried out at 110°C for 48 h in a sealed tube.
An Alternative Synthesis of Tamiflu®: A Synthetic Challenge and the Identification of a Ruthenium-Catalyzed Dihydroxylation Route
K. YAMATSUGU, M. KANAI and M. SHIBASAKI, Tetrahedron, 2009, 65, (31), 6017–6024
LINK http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2009.05.077
A Ru-catalyzed dihydroxylation synthetic route was identified for Tamiflu®, which removes the need for a Mitsunobu inversion step. Only 0.5 mol% of RuCl3 was required. The use of explosive trifluoroperacetic acid, generated in situ, is also avoided.
EMISSIONS CONTROL
Re-evaluation and Modeling of a Commercial Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
Y.-D. KIM and W.-S. KIM, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2009, 48, (14), 6579–6590
LINK http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie801509j
A modelling approach to predict the performance of a DOC used published experimental data and a new set of conversion experiments. Steady-state experiments with DOCs (Pt supported on an Al2O3 washcoat) mounted on a light-duty turbocharged diesel engine were carried out. The reaction rates for CO, HC, and NO oxidations in diesel exhaust over fresh Pt/Al2O3 were determined in conjunction with a transient 1D heterogeneous plug-flow reactor model.
NOx Abatement for Lean-Burn Engines under Lean–Rich Atmosphere over Mixed NSR-SCR Catalysts: Influences of the Addition of a SCR Catalyst and of the Operational Conditions
E. C. CORBOS, M. HANEDA, X. COURTOIS, P. MARECOT, D. DUPREZ and H. HAMADA, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 2009, 365, (2), 187–193
LINK http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2009.06.008
The NOx removal efficiency of a Pt-Rh/Ba/Al2O3 NSR model catalyst under a lean/rich atmosphere was improved by the addition of a SCR catalyst (Co/Al2O3 or Cu/ZSM-5). Both SCR catalysts were able to reduce NOx using the NH3 formed during the rich cycles on Pt-Rh/Ba/Al2O3. With Cu/ZSM-5, this was independent of the reductant used (CO or H2) and of the reduction time (10, 5 or 2.5 s).
FUEL CELLS
Origin and Quantitative Analysis of the Constant Phase Element of a Platinum SOFC Cathode Using the State-Space Model
S. RICCIARDI, J. C. RUIZ-MORALES and P. NUÑEZ, Solid State Ionics, 2009, 180, (17–19), 1083–1090
LINK http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2009.05.017
A SOFC cathode was investigated using SEM, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and simulations using the state-space model. The kinetic parameters were determined. The triple phase boundary length was measured and its width deduced. A quantitative analysis of the constant phase element using surface roughness and energy activation distribution is presented.
Fabrication of High Precision PEMFC Membrane Electrode Assemblies by Sieve Printing Method
A. B. ANDRADE, M. L. MORA BEJARANO, E. F. CUNHA, E. ROBALINHO and M. LINARDI, J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol., 2009, 6, (2), 021305 (3 pages)
LINK http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3080556
A sieve printing technique was used for the preparation of PEMFC gas diffusion electrodes. MEA evaluation was carried out in a 25 cm2 single PEMFC with loadings of 0.4 mg Pt cm−2 and 0.6 mg Pt cm−2 on the anode and cathode, respectively. The MEAs had higher power density than spray printed ones.
Synthesis of Intermetallic PtZn Nanoparticles by Reaction of Pt Nanoparticles with Zn Vapor and Their Application as Fuel Cell Catalysts
A. MIURA, H. WANG, B. M. LEONARD, H. D. ABRUÑA and F. J. DiSALVO, Chem. Mater., 2009, 21, (13), 2661–2667
LINK http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm900048e
Intermetallic PtZn nanoparticles (1) were synthesised by reaction of C-supported Pt nanoparticles with Zn vapour at 500°C for 8 h under flowing N2 at atmospheric pressure. The catalytic activities of supported (1) toward formic acid and MeOH electrooxidation were studied by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. (1) exhibited higher currents for both oxidations than supported Pt nanoparticles with similar particle sizes.
METALLURGY AND MATERIALS
Facile Approach to the Synthesis of 3D Platinum Nanoflowers and Their Electrochemical Characteristics
J. N. TIWARI, F.-M. PAN and K.-L. LIN, New J. Chem., 2009, 33, (7), 1482–1485
LINK http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b901534p
3D Pt nanoflowers (1) were synthesised by a potentiostatic pulse plating method on a Si substrate. Electrochemical analysis established that (1) had a much larger active surface area than a Pt thin film by a factor of > 110, and were likely preferentially oriented in the (100) and (110) surface planes. (1) exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward MeOH oxidation and a high CO tolerance as compared with a Pt thin film.
Fe Oxidation versus Pt Segregation in FePt Nanoparticles and Thin Films
L. HAN, U. WIEDWALD, B. KUERBANJIANG and P. ZIEMANN, Nanotechnology, 2009, 20, (28), 285706 (7 pages)
LINK http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/28/285706
The oxidation behaviour of differently sized FePt nanoparticles (1) was investigated by XPS and compared to a FePt reference film. For the as-prepared samples Fe3+ is formed, becoming detectable for exposures to pure O2 above 106 langmuir, while Pt0 remains. After annealing at 650°C, large (1) as well as the reference film exhibited a 100–1000 times enhanced resistance against oxidation, whereas small (1) (diameter 5 nm) showed no such enhancement.
Atomic-Level Pd–Au Alloying and Controllable Hydrogen-Absorption Properties in Size-Controlled Nanoparticles Synthesized by Hydrogen Reduction
H. KOBAYASHI, M. YAMAUCHI, R. IKEDA and H. KITAGAWA, Chem. Commun., 2009, (32), 4806–4808
LINK http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b907875d
PVP-protected Pd nanoparticles were prepared from the alcoholic reduction of PdCl2 in the presence of PVP. An aqueous solution of HAuCl4 was added and the mixture was stirred under H2 gas to form Pd-Au alloy nanoparticles. 20 at.% of Au in Pd suppressed H2 absorption completely. The amount of H2 absorption is controllable by low-concentration alloying with Au.
APPARATUS AND TECHNIQUE
Nanocomposite Based on Depositing Platinum Nanostructure onto Carbon Nanotubes through a One-Pot, Facile Synthesis Method for Amperometric Sensing
D. WEN, X. ZOU, Y. LIU, L. SHANG and S. DONG, Talanta, 2009, 79, (5), 1233–1237
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2009.05.025
Pt nanoparticles deposited onto carbon MWNTs, through direct chemical reduction, can electrocatalyse the oxidation of H2O2 and substantially raise the response current. Glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilised on the nanocomposite-based electrode with a thin layer of Nafion. This glucose biosensor with a GOD loading concentration of 10 mg ml−1 had a detection limit of 3 μM and a response time of 3 s.
BIOMEDICAL AND DENTAL
Inhibition of Transcription by Platinum Antitumor Compounds
R. C. TODD and S. J. LIPPARD, Metallomics, 2009, 1, (4), 280–291
LINK http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b907567d
Structural investigations of Pt–DNA adducts and the effects of these lesions on global DNA geometry are reviewed. Research detailing inhibition of cellular transcription by Pt–DNA adducts is presented. A mechanistic analysis of how DNA structural distortions induced by Pt damage may inhibit RNA synthesis in vivo was carried out. (155 Refs.)
CHEMISTRY
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Binuclear Palladium(II) Complexes of Salicylaldimine Dithiosemicarbazones
T. STRINGER, P. CHELLAN, B. THERRIEN, N. SHUNMOOGAM-GOUNDEN, D. T. HENDRICKS and G. S. SMITH, Polyhedron, 2009, 28, (14), 2839–2846
LINK http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2009.06.026
The title complexes were synthesised by the reaction of ethylene- and phenylene-bridged dithiosemicarbazones with Pd(PPh3)2Cl2. Two representative Pd complexes were characterised by XRD. The two Pd centres are coordinated in a slightly distorted square-planar geometry, which gives rise in each case to five- and six-membered chelate rings. The ligands coordinate to Pd in a tridentate manner, through the phenolic O, imine N and thiolate S atoms.
Synthesis, Properties and Crystal Structures of Volatile β-Ketoiminate Pd Complexes, Precursors for Palladium Chemical Vapor Deposition
G. I. ZHARKOVA, P. A. STABNIKOV, I. A. BAIDINA, A. I. SMOLENTSEV and S. V. TKACHEV, Polyhedron, 2009, 28, (12), 2307–2312
LINK http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2009.02.043
β-Aminovinylketone ligands CH3C(NH2)CHC(O)CH3 and CH3C(NHCH3)CHC(O)CH3 were synthesised. Their reaction with PdCl2 in an amine medium afforded the complexes Pd[CH3C(NH)CHC(O)CH3]2 (1) and Pd[CH3C(NCH3)CHC(O)CH3]2 (2). In (1) and (2), the Pd atom exhibits square coordination, Pd O2N2.
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