Skip to content
1887
Volume 31, Issue 4
  • ISSN: 0032-1400

Abstract

The present day importance to both science and industry of resistance thermometers and thermocouples utilising the electrical and thermoelectrical properties of the platinum metals is so well known that it has tended to overshadow the use of these metals for crucial components in gas pyrometers. For perhaps one hundred and fifty years gas thermometers, mostly incorporating noble metal bulbs, have provided a most accurate means of determining high temperatures. This article gives a selective account of early developments in temperature measurement involving gas thermometry and the platinum metals, one result of which was the adoption of the first internationally recognised standard scale of temperatures, in October 1887.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1595/003214087X314196207
1987-01-01
2024-11-05
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/pmr/31/4/pmr0031-0196.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1595/003214087X314196207&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. L. B. Hunt, Platinum Metals Rev., 1980, 24, (3), 104; [Google Scholar]
  2. see also R. Price, 1959, 3, (3), 78
  3. S. Parkes, “Chemical Essays”, Baldwin, Cradock and Joy, London, 1815, p. 376 [Google Scholar]
  4. J. F. Daniell, Quart. J. Sci., 1821, XI, 309 [Google Scholar]
  5. J. G. F. Schmidt, J. Nat. Phil., Chem. & Arts (Nicholson), 1805, XI, 141 [Google Scholar]
  6. Thermometer and Pyrometer, in “Library of Useful Knowledge, Natural Philosophy” Baldwin and Cradock, London, 1832, p. 31 [Google Scholar]
  7. A. L. Day, R. B. Sosman, For example, see “High Temperature Gas Thermometry”, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Washington D.C., 1911, p. 4 [Google Scholar]
  8. H. T. Prinsep, “Memoir of the Author”, [Google Scholar]
  9. in “Essays on Indian Antiquities, Historic, Numismatic, and Palaeographic”, by the late James Prinsep, ed. Edward Thomas, London, John Murray, 1858, Vol. 1, pp. i-xvi [Google Scholar]
  10. J. Prinsep, Phil. Trans., 1828, 118, 79 [Google Scholar]
  11. Op. cit., (Ref. 6), p. 5
  12. C. S. M. Pouillet, Comptes rendus, 1836, 3, 782 [Google Scholar]
  13. L. B. Hunt, Platinum Metals Rev., 1964, 8, (1), 23 [Google Scholar]
  14. R. C. Mackenzie, Thermochim. Acta, 1984, 73, (3), 290 [Google Scholar]
  15. J. C. Chaston, Platinum Metals Rev., 1981, 25, (3), 121; [Google Scholar]
  16. D. McDonald, 1958, 2, (2), 55;
  17. B. Swindells, 1975, 19, (3), 110
  18. H. St.-C. Deville, L. J. Troost, Phil. Mag., 1863, 26, 4, 336 [Google Scholar]
  19. Op. cit., (Ref. 14), 339
  20. W. W. Randall, Am. Chem. J., 1897, 19, 682 [Google Scholar]
  21. H. Le Chatelier, G. K. Burgess, “The Measurement of High Temperatures”, 3rd Edn., 1912, Wiley, New York, p. 54 [Google Scholar]
  22. Op. cit., (Ref. 17),p. 85
  23. Op. cit., (Ref. 6),p. 6
  24. A. L. Day, Metall. Chem. Eng., 1910, 8, (5), 257 [Google Scholar]
  25. Comité Intern. Poids et Mesures, Procès-Verbaux des Séances de 1887, 1888, 85
  26. J. A. Hall, “Temperature Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry”, Vol. 2, ed. H. C. Wolfe, Reinhold, New York, 1955, p. 115 [Google Scholar]
  27. P. Chappuis, “Etudes sur le thermomètre à gaz et comparaison des thermomètres à mercure avec le thermomètre à gaz”, Trav. Mem. Bur. Int. Poids Mes., 1888, VI [Google Scholar]
  28. Ch.-Éd. Guillaume, “Pierre Chappuis et le Développement moderne de la Thermométrie”, Extrait de la Revue Générale des Sciences, Avril 1916, O. Doin et Fils, Editeurs, Paris [Google Scholar]
  29. A. Hagenbach, Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 1916, XXVII, 8692; [Google Scholar]
  30. H. Zickendraht, Verh. Schweiz. Naturforsch. Ges., 1917, 17 [Google Scholar]
  31. T. J. Quinn, “Temperatures”, Academic Press, London, 1983 [Google Scholar]
  32. H. L. Callendar, “On the Practical Measurement of Temperature”, Phil. Trans., 1887, 178, 160, as quoted in E. F. Mueller, “Precision Resistance Thermometry” [Google Scholar]
  33. in “Temperature Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry”, Reinhold, New York, 1941, p. 162 [Google Scholar]
  34. Op. cit., (Ref. 22), p. 118
  35. L. Holborn, A. L. Day, “On the Gas Thermometer at High Temperatures,”Am. J. Sci., 1899, 4th Series, 8, (45), 165 [Google Scholar]
  36. Op. cit., (Ref. 29), p. 186
  37. Op. cit., (Ref. 17), p. 69
  38. Op. cit., (Ref. 6), p. 12
  39. C. Barus, Bull. U.S. Geological Survey, 1889, 54 [Google Scholar]
  40. C. E. T., Proc. Geol. Soc., (London), 1959–60, (1582), 130132 [Google Scholar]
  41. Op. cit., (Ref. 6), p. 15
  42. Op. cit., (Ref. 6), p. 50
  43. Op. cit., (Ref. 20), 258
  44. J. A. Chaldecott, “Temperature Measurement & Control”, Science Museum, London, 1976, 2nd Edn., (II), p. 15, item 43 [Google Scholar]
  45. L. B. Hunt, D. McDonald, “A History of Platinum and its Allied Metals”, Johnson Matthey, London, 1982 [Google Scholar]
  46. “Le Système International d’Unites (SI)”, 5th Edn., (French and English texts), 1985, BIPM, p. 106 [Google Scholar]
  47. P. P. M. Steur, M. Durieux, “Constant-Volume Gas Thermometry between 4K and 100K”, Metrologia, 1986, 23, (1), 1 [Google Scholar]
  48. L. Holborn, A. L. Day, “On the Expansion of Certain Metals at High Temperatures”, Am. J. Sci., 1901, Fourth Series, 11, (65), 374 [Google Scholar]
  49. R. E. Edsinger, M. L. Reilly, J. F. Schooley, “Thermal Expansion of Platinum and Rhodium-Platinum Alloys”, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 1986, 91, (6), 333 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1595/003214087X314196207
Loading
/content/journals/10.1595/003214087X314196207
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test