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Volume 62, Issue 3
  • ISSN: 2056-5135
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Abstract

The improvement of catalytic processes is strongly related to the better performance of catalysts (higher conversion, selectivity, yield and stability). Additionally, the desired catalysts should meet the requirements of being low cost as well as environmentally and user-friendly. All these requirements can only be met by catalyst development and optimisation following new approaches in design and synthesis. This article discusses three major approaches in the design and development of catalysts: (a) high-throughput synthesis; (b) reaction kinetic studies; (c) and spectroscopy for studying catalysts under process conditions. In contrast to approaches based on high-throughput synthesis and reaction kinetic studies, an emerging approach of studying catalysts under process conditions using and spectroscopy and transferring the gained knowledge to design of new catalysts or the optimisation of existing catalysts is not yet widely employed in the chemical industry. In this article, examples of using or spectroscopy for studying the surface and bulk of catalysts under process conditions are discussed, with an overview of applying X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) for monitoring the bulk and surface composition of PdZn/ZnO and PdGa/GaO methanol steam reforming catalysts.

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2018-01-01
2024-12-22
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/content/journals/10.1595/205651318X15234323420569
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In Situ and Operando Spectroscopy: A Powerful Approach Towards Understanding Catalysts
Johnson Matthey Technology Review 62, 316 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1595/205651318X15234323420569
/content/journals/10.1595/205651318X15234323420569
/content/journals/10.1595/205651318X15234323420569
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