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Volume 68, Issue 3
  • ISSN: 2056-5135
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Abstract

Fossil fuel price continuous growth invites to look for alternative solutions to fuel for internal combustion engines. One of the most accepted options is biodiesel. In the present study, the multifrequency ultrasound-assisted synthesis of oil biodiesel has been tested. For this purpose, an ultrasonic probe working at 20 kHz and an ultrasonic reactor with interchangeable transducers of discrete frequencies (195 kHz, 578 kHz, 861 kHz and 1136 kHz) have been used. For the probe, a multi-response optimisation has been carried out, setting methanol-to-oil molar ratio at 5.5:1. Optimal results were provided by 1.42 percentage weight (wt%) of catalyst after approx. 10 min of ultrasonication. In case of transducers, oil-to-biodiesel conversion needed an ultrasonication time of 15 min. Overall, when ultrasound frequency increases, oil-to-biodiesel conversion slightly improves. In conclusion, this work provides a predictive method to produce biodiesel under ultrasonication conditions, at different frequencies, in batch mode. Resulting biodiesel meets European standard requirements.

© 2024 Johnson Matthey
This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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2024-07-01
2024-11-21
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Multifrequency Ultrasound-Based Predictive Method for Biodiesel Production
Johnson Matthey Technology Review 68, 427 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1595/205651324X17004922618615
/content/journals/10.1595/205651324X17004922618615
/content/journals/10.1595/205651324X17004922618615
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