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Volume 69, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 2056-5135
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  • oa The Development of Rare Earth Based Permanent Magnets and Its Relation to the Circular Economy

    The search for sustainable magnetic materials from 1900 to the present

  • Authors: Lucky Darmawan1, Azwar Manaf2, Erik Prasetyo3, Fajar Nurjaman4, Anton Sapto Handoko4, Ulin Herliana4, Fathan Bahfie4 and Diah Susanti5
  • Affiliations: 1 Postgraduate Programme of Materials Science, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Indonesia, F Building, Campus of UI, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia; Research Centre of Mining Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, South Lampung, Lampung 35361, Indonesia 2 Postgraduate Programme of Materials Science, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Indonesia, F Building, Campus of UI, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia 3 Research Centre of Mining Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, South Lampung, Lampung 35361, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Kjemi 4, Gløshaugen, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway 4 Research Centre of Mining Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, South Lampung, Lampung 35361, Indonesia 5 Metallurgical and Material Engineering Department, Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Building MT 2nd Floor, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, East Java, 60111, Indonesia
    Email: *[email protected]
  • Source: Johnson Matthey Technology Review, Volume 69, Issue 2, Apr 2025, p. 233 - 246
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1595/205651324X17222696085149
    • Received: 01 Feb 2024
    • Accepted: 29 Jul 2024

Abstract

Permanent magnets are crucial materials for the development of electronics and telecommunications technology. During the early modern era, the development of permanent magnet materials focused on finding new materials to meet maximum energy product ((BH)) criteria. Currently, rare earth-based alloy permanent magnet materials, such as samarium-cobalt and neodymium-iron-boron, are the most advanced permanent magnet materials and have superior magnetic properties compared to other magnetic materials. Research and development in permanent magnets currently focuses more on engineering existing magnetic materials to develop a sustainable and environmentally friendly rare earth permanent magnet production system, in order to realise a circular economy system in the permanent magnet industry.

© 2025 Johnson Matthey
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/content/journals/10.1595/205651324X17222696085149
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The Development of Rare Earth Based Permanent Magnets and Its Relation to the Circular Economy
Johnson Matthey Technology Review 69, 233 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1595/205651324X17222696085149
/content/journals/10.1595/205651324X17222696085149
/content/journals/10.1595/205651324X17222696085149
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  • Article Type: Review Article
Keyword(s): circular economy; magnetic materials; permanent magnets; rare earth metals

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