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Volume 65, Issue 3
  • ISSN: 2056-5135
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  • oa Recycling and Direct-Regeneration of Cathode Materials from Spent Ternary Lithium-Ion Batteries by Hydrometallurgy: Status Quo and Recent Developments

    Economic recovery methods for lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathode materials

  • Authors: Lizhen Duan1, Yaru Cui1, Qian Li1, Juan Wang2, Chonghao Man3 and Xinyao Wang1
  • Affiliations: 1 School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyNo. 13 Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710055China 2 Xi’an Key Laboratory of Clean Energy, Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyNo. 13 Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710055China 3 Faculty of Engineering, University of New South WalesSydney, New South Wales, 2052Australia
  • Source: Johnson Matthey Technology Review, Volume 65, Issue 3, Jul 2021, p. 431 - 452
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1595/205651320X15899814766688
    • Published online: 01 Jan 2021

Abstract

The cathodes of spent ternary lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are rich in nonferrous metals, such as lithium, nickel, cobalt and manganese, which are important strategic raw materials and also potential sources of environmental pollution. Finding ways to extract these valuable metals cleanly and efficiently from spent cathodes is of great significance for sustainable development of the LIBs industry. In the light of low energy consumption, ‘green’ processing and high recovery efficiency, this paper provides an overview of different recovery technologies to recycle valuable metals from cathode materials of spent ternary LIBs. Development trends and application prospects for different recovery strategies for cathode materials from spent ternary LIBs are also predicted. We conclude that a highly economic recovery system: alkaline solution dissolution/calcination pretreatment → HSO leaching → HO reduction → coprecipitation regeneration of nickel cobalt manganese (NCM) will become the dominant stream for recycling retired NCM batteries. Furthermore, emerging advanced technologies, such as deep eutectic solvents (DESs) extraction and one–step direct regeneration/recovery of NCM cathode materials are preferred methods to substitute conventional regeneration systems in the future.

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2021-01-01
2024-12-22
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/content/journals/10.1595/205651320X15899814766688
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Recycling and Direct-Regeneration of Cathode Materials from Spent Ternary Lithium-Ion Batteries by Hydrometallurgy: Status Quo and Recent Developments
Johnson Matthey Technology Review 65, 431 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1595/205651320X15899814766688
/content/journals/10.1595/205651320X15899814766688
/content/journals/10.1595/205651320X15899814766688
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