Skip to content
1887
Volume 70, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 2056-5135
file format pdf download PDF

  • oa Oxygen Reduction on Platinum-Nickel and Platinum-Cobalt Alloy Based Catalysts for High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

    Improved performance with reduced platinum loading

  • Authors: Jonas Mart Linge1, Xiang Lyu1, Haoran Yu2, Harry Meyer III3, Michelle Lehmann3, Tomonori Saito3, David Cullen2 and Alexey Serov1
  • 1 Electrification and Energy Infrastructures Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA 2 Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA 3 Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
    *[email protected]; §[email protected]
  • Source: Johnson Matthey Technology Review, Volume 70, Issue 2, Apr 2026, p. 173 - 191
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1595/205651326X17633906454688
    • Received: 09 Sep 2025
    • Accepted: 17 Nov 2025

Abstract

Catalyst layers, with commercial PtNi/TKK (TECNiE52; platinum 46.5 wt%), PtCo/TKK (TEC36E52; platinum 45.8 wt%) catalysts, and an in-house catalyst PtNi-NC (platinum 38.4 wt%), synthesised using acoustic mixer and a tube furnace, are prepared using three different ionomers: 20 wt% Nafion®, 60 wt% polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and an in-house 5 wt% ionomer (‘Ionomer X’). These inks are bar-coated onto carbon paper gas diffusion layers (GDLs), which are cut into 3 cm × 5 cm pieces. The coated layers are tested for oxygen reduction in a commercial gas diffusion electrode (GDE) test cell, FlexCell® (Gaskatel GmbH, Germany), using 85 wt% phosphoric acid at both room temperature and at 155°C. This study evaluates the polynorbornene (PNB)-based in-house ionomer performance as binder and in-house catalyst oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in comparison to commercial products. The catalyst layers are characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). Among the catalyst layers prepared with PTFE ionomer and tested at 155°C, the in-house catalyst demonstrates the highest ORR activity. Ionomer X proves to be a good candidate to be used as a per- and polyfluoroalkyl-free binder for high-temperature (HT) proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications.

© 2026 Johnson Matthey
This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. You are free to: share: copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format; adapt: remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. Under the following terms: attribution: you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1595/205651326X17633906454688
2026-04-01
2026-03-05
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmtr/70/2/Linge_13a_Imp.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1595/205651326X17633906454688&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Y. Zhou, W. Guo, L. Xing, Z. Dong, Y. Yang, L. Du, X. Xie, S. Ye, ACS Cent. Sci., 2024, 10, (11), 2006 LINK https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.4c01363
    [Google Scholar]
  2. S. Hussain, H. Erikson, N. Kongi, A. Sarapuu, J. Solla-Gullón, G. Maia, A. M. Kannan, N. Alonso-Vante, K. Tammeveski, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2020, 45, (56), 31775 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.08.215
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Y. Ren, B. Li, C. Lv, Z. Zang, L. Li, Z. Lu, X. Yang, X. Zhang, X. Yu, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2024, 51, (C), 1 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.09.259
    [Google Scholar]
  4. G. Sievers, S. Mueller, A. Quade, F. Steffen, S. Jakubith, A. Kruth, V. Brueser, J. Power Sources, 2014, 268, 255 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.06.013
    [Google Scholar]
  5. H. Lin, Z. Hu, K. H. Lim, S. Wang, L. Q. Zhou, L. Wang, G. Zhu, K. Okubo, C. Ling, Y. S. Kim, H. Jia, ACS Catal., 2023, 13, (8), 5635 LINK https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.3c00432
    [Google Scholar]
  6. B. F. Gomes, M. Prokop, T. Bystron, R. Loukrakpam, J. Melke, C. M. S. Lobo, M. Fink, M. Zhu, E. Voloshina, M. Kutter, H. Hoffmann, K. V. Yusenko, A. G. Buzanich, B. Röder, K. Bouzek, B. Paulus, C. Roth, ACS Catal., 2022, 12, (18), 11472 LINK https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.2c02630
    [Google Scholar]
  7. R. J. Hunter, ‘Electroviscous and Viscoelectric Effects’, in “Zeta Potential in Colloid Science”, ch. 5, Academic Press, London, UK, 1981, pp. 179–218
    [Google Scholar]
  8. A. V. Delgado, F. González-Caballero, R. J. Hunter, L. K. Koopal, J. Lyklema, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2007, 309, (2), 194 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.12.075
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Y.-J. Deng, G. K. H. Wiberg, A. Zana, M. Arenz, Electrochim. Acta, 2016, 204, 78 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.065
    [Google Scholar]
  10. K. L. Hsueh, E. R. Gonzalez, S. Srinivasan, D. T. Chin, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1984, 131, 823 LINK https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2115707
    [Google Scholar]
  11. G. W. Sievers, A. W. Jensen, V. Brüser, M. Arenz, M. Escudero-Escribano, Surfaces, 2019, 2, (2), 336 LINK https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces2020025
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Y. Hu, Y. Jiang, J. O. Jensen, L. N. Cleemann, Q. Li, J. Power Sources, 2018, 375, 77 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.11.054
    [Google Scholar]
  13. J. M. Linge, H. Erikson, M. Mooste, H.-M. Piirsoo, T. Kaljuvee, A. Kikas, J. Aruväli, V. Kisand, A. Tamm, A. M. Kannan, K. Tammeveski, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2023, 48, (29), 11058 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.12.138
    [Google Scholar]
  14. R. E. Rosli, A. B. Sulong, W. R. W. Daud, M. A. Zulkifley, T. Husaini, M. I. Rosli, E. H. Majlan, M. A. Haque, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42, (14), 9293 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.06.211
    [Google Scholar]
  15. K. Ehelebe, D. Seeberger, M. T. Y. Paul, S. Thiele, K. J. J. Mayrhofer, S. Cherevko, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2019, 166, (16), F1259 LINK https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0911915jes
    [Google Scholar]
  16. B. A. Pinaud, A. Bonakdarpour, L. Daniel, J. Sharman, D. P. Wilkinson, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2017, 164, (4), F321 LINK https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0891704jes
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Y. Rao, F. Zhou, K. Fu, W. Guo, M. Pan, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2017, 12, (7), 5818 LINK https://doi.org/10.20964/2017.07.10
    [Google Scholar]
  18. W. Zhang, D. Yao, L. Tian, Z. Xie, Q. Ma, Q. Xu, S. Pasupathi, L. Xing, H. Su, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 2021, 125, 285 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2021.06.037
    [Google Scholar]
  19. D. Úbeda, P. Cañizares, P. Ferreira-Aparicio, A. M. Chaparro, J. Lobato, M. A. Rodrigo, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41, (44), 20294 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.09.109
    [Google Scholar]
  20. J.-H. Byeon, D.-H. Park, W.-J. Lee, M.-H. Kim, H.-J. Lee, K.-W. Park, J. Power Sources, 2023, 556, 232483 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232483
    [Google Scholar]
  21. K. Hyun, J. H. Lee, C. W. Yoon, Y. Kwon, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2013, 8, 11752 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/S1452-3981(23)13219-6
    [Google Scholar]
  22. P. Mardle, G. Thirunavukkarasu, S. Guan, Y.-L. Chiu, S. Du, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2020, 12, (38), 42832 LINK https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c11531
    [Google Scholar]
  23. W.-J. Zeng, C. Wang, P. Yin, L. Tong, Q.-Q. Yan, M.-X. Chen, S.-L. Xu, H.-W. Liang, Inorg. Chem., 2023, 62, (13), 5262 LINK https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00331
    [Google Scholar]
  24. T. Imhof, R. K. F. Della Bella, P. Paciok, P. Lauf, P. Roumeliotis, A. Gunnarson, E. S. Koh, F. Schüth, S. Cherevko, M. Heggen, M. Ledendecker, ACS Catal., 2025, 15, (10), 8611 LINK https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c01466
    [Google Scholar]
  25. W.-J. Zeng, L. Tong, J. Liu, H.-W. Liang, J. Electroanal. Chem., 2022, 922, 116728 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116728
    [Google Scholar]
  26. R. Loukrakpam, J. Luo, T. He, Y. Chen, Z. Xu, P. N. Njoki, B. N. Wanjala, B. Fang, D. Mott, J. Yin, J. Klar, B. Powell, C.-J. Zhong, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2011, 115, (5), 1682 LINK https://doi.org/10.1021/jp109630n
    [Google Scholar]
  27. L. Gan, S. Rudi, C. Cui, M. Heggen, P. Strasser, Small, 2016, 12, (23), 3189 LINK https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201600027
    [Google Scholar]
  28. C. Wang, D. van der Vliet, K.-C. Chang, H. You, D. Strmcnik, J. A. Schlueter, N. M. Markovic, V. R. Stamenkovic, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2009, 113, (45), 19365 LINK https://doi.org/10.1021/jp908203p
    [Google Scholar]
  29. M. Shao, A. Peles, K. Shoemaker, Nano Lett., 2011, 11, (9), 3714 LINK https://doi.org/10.1021/nl2017459
    [Google Scholar]
  30. H. Schmies, T. Zierdt, J. Mueller-Huelstede, W. Deter, J. Lorenz, M. Wark, P. Wagner, J. Power Sources, 2022, 529, 231276 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231276
    [Google Scholar]
  31. J. Fan, M. Chen, Z. Zhao, Z. Zhang, S. Ye, S. Xu, H. Wang, H. Li, Nat. Energy, 2021, 6, (5), 475 LINK https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-00824-7
    [Google Scholar]
  32. G. K. H. Wiberg, S. Nösberger, M. Arenz, Curr. Opin. Electrochem., 2022, 36, 101129 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2022.101129
    [Google Scholar]
  33. M. Inaba, A. W. Jensen, G. W. Sievers, M. Escudero-Escribano, A. Zana, M. Arenz, Energy Environ. Sci., 2018, 11, (4), 988 LINK https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ee00019k
    [Google Scholar]
  34. S. Alinejad, M. Inaba, J. Schröder, J. Du, J. Quinson, A. Zana, M. Arenz, J. Phys. Energy, 2020, 2, (2), 024003 LINK https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ab67e2
    [Google Scholar]
  35. K. Ehelebe, J. Knöppel, M. Bierling, B. Mayerhöfer, T. Böhm, N. Kulyk, S. Thiele, K. J. J. Mayrhofer, S. Cherevko, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2021, 60, (16), 8882 LINK https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202014711
    [Google Scholar]
  36. B. Dembinska, A. Zlotorowicz, M. Modzelewska, K. Miecznikowski, I. A. Rutkowska, L. Stobinski, A. Malolepszy, M. Krzywiecki, J. Zak, E. Negro, V. Di Noto, P. J. Kulesza, Catalysts, 2020, 10, (6), 689 LINK https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10060689
    [Google Scholar]
  37. G. K. H. Wiberg, M. Fleige, M. Arenz, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2015, 86, (2), 024102 LINK https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4908169
    [Google Scholar]
  38. G. K. H. Wiberg, M. J. Fleige, M. Arenz, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2014, 85, (8), 085105 LINK https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4890826
    [Google Scholar]
  39. J. Müller-Hülstede, T. Zierdt, H. Schmies, D. Schonvogel, Q. Meyer, C. Zhao, P. Wagner, M. Wark, J. Power Sources, 2022, 537, 231529 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231529
    [Google Scholar]
  40. B. Améduri, H. Hori, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2023, 52, (13), 4208 LINK https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cs00763k
    [Google Scholar]
  41. K.-D. Kreuer, T. Dippel, W. Meyer, J. Maier, MRS Proc., 1992, 293, 273 LINK https://doi.org/10.1557/proc-293-273
    [Google Scholar]
  42. B. Améduri, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 2020, 221, (8), 1900573 LINK https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201900573
    [Google Scholar]
  43. L. Zhou, S. Xu, W. Zhao, M. Zhang, Y. Zhao, B. Hao, Y. Zhang, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 2025, 310, (11), e00235 LINK https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202500235
    [Google Scholar]
  44. R. Lin, T. Zhao, H. Zhang, C. Cao, B. Li, J. Ma, Chin. J. Mech. Eng., 2012, 25, (6), 1171
    [Google Scholar]
  45. A. Uddin, M. L. Lehmann, T. Agarwal, H. Park, C. Gainaru, L. He, A. P. Sokolov, Y. S. Kim, T. Saito, Cell Rep. Phys. Sci., 2025, 6, (7), 102712 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2025.102712
    [Google Scholar]
  46. K. A. Mauritz, R. B. Moore, Chem. Rev., 2004, 104, (10), 4535 LINK https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0207123
    [Google Scholar]
  47. F. Zhou, H. Zhang, S. Guan, G. Li, L. Xia, M. Pan, J. Catal., 2022, 414, 330 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2022.09.019
    [Google Scholar]
  48. K. Kodama, R. Jinnouchi, T. Suzuki, H. Murata, T. Hatanaka, Y. Morimoto, Electrochem. Commun., 2013, 36, 26 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2013.09.005
    [Google Scholar]
  49. M. G. Evich, M. J. B. Davis, J. P. McCord, B. Acrey, J. A. Awkerman, D. R. U. Knappe, A. B. Lindstrom, T. F. Speth, C. Tebes-Stevens, M. J. Strynar, Z. Wang, E. J. Weber, W. M. Henderson, J. W. Washington, Science, 2022, 375, (6580) LINK https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abg9065
    [Google Scholar]
  50. S. E. Fenton, A. Ducatman, A. Boobis, J. C. DeWitt, C. Lau, C. Ng, J. S. Smith, S. M. Roberts, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 2020, 40, (3), 606 LINK https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4890
    [Google Scholar]
  51. M. Lehmann, D. Leonard, J. Zheng, L. He, X. Tang, X. C. Chen, K. H. Lim, S. Maurya, Y. S. Kim, T. Saito, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2023, 6, (3), 1822 LINK https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c03682
    [Google Scholar]
  52. D. P. Leonard, M. Lehmann, J. M. Klein, I. Matanovic, C. Fujimoto, T. Saito, Y. S. Kim, Adv. Energy Mater., 2022, 13, (3), 2203488 LINK https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202203488
    [Google Scholar]
  53. E. C. Kim, M.-J. Kim, L. N. Thi Ho, W. Lee, J.-W. Ka, D.-G. Kim, T. J. Shin, K. M. Huh, S. Park, Y. S. Kim, Macromolecules, 2021, 54, (14), 6762 LINK https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00858
    [Google Scholar]
  54. J. J. Slack, C. Gumeci, N. Dale, J. Parrondo, N. Macauley, R. Mukundan, D. Cullen, B. Sneed, K. More, P. N. Pintauro, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2019, 166, (7), F3202 LINK https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0151907jes
    [Google Scholar]
  55. T. V. Cleve, X. Lyu, H. Yu, E. Young, L. Hu, J. Yang, K. C. Neyerlin, A. Serov, ‘Influence of Pt-Metal Alloy Catalysts with Various Ionomers on Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Fuel Cell Application’, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2025, manuscript under review
    [Google Scholar]
  56. H. Wang, J. Gao, C. Chen, W. Zhao, Z. Zhang, D. Li, Y. Chen, C. Wang, C. Zhu, X. Ke, J. Pei, J. Dong, Q. Chen, H. Jin, M. Chai, Y. Li, Nano Micro Lett., 2023, 15, (1), 143 LINK https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01102-9
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Y.-W. Mao, J.-Q. Li, R. Zhang, A.-J. Wang, J.-J. Feng, ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2023, 6, (4), 2805 LINK https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.2c05199
    [Google Scholar]
  58. X. Lyu, T. Zhang, Z. Li, C. J. Jafta, A. Serov, I. H. Hwang, C. Sun, D. A. Cullen, J. Li, J. Wu, Mater. Today Chem., 2023, 29, 101398 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2023.101398
    [Google Scholar]
  59. L. Lai, J. R. Potts, D. Zhan, L. Wang, C. K. Poh, C. Tang, H. Gong, Z. Shen, J. Lin, R. S. Ruoff, Energy Environ. Sci., 2012, 5, (7), 7936 LINK https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee21802j
    [Google Scholar]
  60. G. Wu, A. Santandreu, W. Kellogg, S. Gupta, O. Ogoke, H. Zhang, H.-L. Wang, L. Dai, Nano Energy, 2016, 29, 83 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.12.032
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Y. Zheng, S. Chen, X. Yu, K. Li, X. Ni, L. Ye, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2022, 598, 153786 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153786
    [Google Scholar]
  62. J. Cai, Y. Chen, R. Zhang, C. Yuan, Z. Jin, Y. Chen, S. Zhang, J. Zhang, Chin. Chem. Lett., 2025, 36, (2), 110255 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110255
    [Google Scholar]
  63. N. Wang, C. Meng, B. Wang, X. Tan, Y. Wan, Y. Yang, D. Kong, W. Wang, F. Cao, A. J. Fielding, L. Li, M. Wu, H. Hu, Natl. Sci. Rev., 2025, 12, (7), nwaf061 LINK https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaf061
    [Google Scholar]
  64. X. Yao, Y. Wei, Z. Wang, L. Gan, ACS Catal., 2020, 10, (13), 7381 LINK https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c01765
    [Google Scholar]
  65. X. Wu, W. Xing, L. Zhang, S. Zhuo, J. Zhou, G. Wang, S. Qiao, Powder Technol., 2012, 224, 162 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.02.048
    [Google Scholar]
  66. C. Rodríguez-Proenza, J. Palomares-Báez, M. Chávez-Rojo, A. García-Ruiz, C. Azanza-Ricardo, A. Santoveña-Uribe, G. Luna-Bárcenas, J. Rodríguez-López, R. Esparza, Materials, 2018, 11, (10), 1882 LINK https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11101882
    [Google Scholar]
  67. M. Fleige, K. Holst-Olesen, G. K. H. Wiberg, M. Arenz, Electrochim. Acta, 2016, 209, 399 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.05.048
    [Google Scholar]
  68. H. Schmies, T. Zierdt, J. Mueller-Huelstede, W. Deter, J. Lorenz, M. Wark, P. Wagner, J. Power Sources, 2022, 529, 231276 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231276
    [Google Scholar]
  69. J. M. Klein, I. Matanovic, M. Lehmann, T. Saito, Y. S. Kim, ECS Meet. Abstr., 2023, MA2023-01, (36), 2033 LINK https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01362033mtgabs
    [Google Scholar]
  70. F. Mack, T. Morawietz, R. Hiesgen, D. Kramer, V. Gogel, R. Zeis, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41, (18), 7475 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.02.156
    [Google Scholar]
  71. C. Wannek, W. Lehnert, J. Mergel, J. Power Sources, 2009, 192, (2), 258 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.03.051
    [Google Scholar]
  72. P. Mazúr, J. Soukup, M. Paidar, K. Bouzek, J. Appl. Electrochem., 2011, 41, (9), 1013 LINK https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-011-0325-9
    [Google Scholar]
  73. W. Zhang, Y. Chen, Y. Jin, H. Liu, Q. Ma, Q. Xu, H. Su, Energy, 2024, 308, 132894 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.132894
    [Google Scholar]
  74. H. Wang, L. Osmieri, H. Yu, M. J. Zachman, J. H. Park, N. N. Kariuki, F. C. Cetinbas, S. Khandavalli, S. Mauger, D. J. Myers, D. A. Cullen, K. C. Neyerlin, SusMat, 2022, 3, (1), 72 LINK https://doi.org/10.1002/sus2.106
    [Google Scholar]
  75. W. Gao, Q. Yin, J. Chen, Z. Liu, Z. Zhang, J. Lu, Y. Lei, H. Xu, H. Ouyang, Y. Yin, C. Wang, Chem. Eng. J., 2024, 479, 147787 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.147787
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Y. Zhang, D. A. Robinson, K. McKelvey, H. Ren, H. S. White, M. A. Edwards, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2020, 167, (16), 166507 LINK https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abcde2
    [Google Scholar]
  77. E. Marra, H. Grimler, G. Montserrat-Sisó, R. W. Lindström, B. Wickman, G. Lindbergh, C. Lagergren, Electrochim. Acta, 2022, 435, 141376 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141376
    [Google Scholar]
  78. R. Jäger, P. E. Kasatkin, E. Härk, R. Kanarbik, T. Kallio, H. Jiang, U. Joost, J. Aruväli, P. Paiste, H. Kurig, I. Tallo, E. Lust, ECS Meet. Abstr., 2017, MA2017-01, (31), 1458 LINK https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2017-01/31/1458
    [Google Scholar]
  79. J. Chlistunoff, J.-M. Sansiñena, J. Electroanal. Chem., 2016, 780, 134 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.09.014
    [Google Scholar]
  80. P. P. Luff, M. White, Vacuum, 1968, 18, (8), 437 LINK https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(68)90336-9
    [Google Scholar]
  81. W. Ye, Z. Wu, S. Zhang, Y. Sun, X. Zhang, W. Zhou, W. Cao, T. Wang, D. Cheng, H. Xie, Dalton Trans., 2023, 52, (31), 10817 LINK https://doi.org/10.1039/d3dt01124k
    [Google Scholar]
  82. X. Zhao, C. Xi, R. Zhang, L. Song, C. Wang, J. S. Spendelow, A. I. Frenkel, J. Yang, H. L. Xin, K. Sasaki, ACS Catal., 2020, 10, (18), 10637 LINK https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c03036
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1595/205651326X17633906454688
Loading
Oxygen Reduction on Platinum-Nickel and Platinum-Cobalt Alloy Based Catalysts for High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Johnson Matthey Technology Review 70, 173 (2026); https://doi.org/10.1595/205651326X17633906454688
/content/journals/10.1595/205651326X17633906454688
/content/journals/10.1595/205651326X17633906454688
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

file format pdf download PDF
  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): 85 wt% phosphoric acid; high temperature gas diffusion electrodes; ionomers; oxygen reduction reaction

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test